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Age-and-gender-specific proportional distributions of patients receiving (a) intensive care, (b) mechanical ventilation (MV), (c) noninvasive and invasive ventilation (NIV/INV) and (d) NIV-only. Note: NIV-only was used to define those receiving NIV as the only ventilator treatment and NIV/INV was for those receiving both NIV and INV during the same hospitalization. ARF, acute respiratory failure.
