Table 2.

Main reasons for not monitoring cardiac output?

	ASA Respondents (n = 157)	ESA Respondents (n = 142)
Answer Options	Response Percent	Response Percent
I use dynamic parameters of fluid responsiveness (Pulse Pressure Variations, Systolic Pressure Variations, Plethysmographic Waveform Variations) as surrogates for cardiac output monitoring	54.1%	60.6%
Available cardiac output monitoring solutions are too invasive	48.4%	26.8%
Cardiac output monitoring does not provide any additional clinically relevant information in this setting	24.2%	14.1%
I use SvO2 and/or ScVO2 as surrogates for cardiac output monitoring	13.4%	26.1%
Available cardiac output monitoring solutions are unreliable	8.3%	15.5%

ASA, American society of anesthesiology respondents; ESA, European society of anaesthesiology respondents.