Table 3.

Demographic characteristics of participants at the time of entry to the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians study, by race

Characteristic	Total (N=515)		African American (N=69)		Non–African American (N=446)		Difference between races
	N	%	N	%	N	%	Test statistic	df	p
Age (M ± SD)	40.2±17.5		35.9±14.8		40.9±17.7		t=2.20	513	.028
Female	315	61	52	75	263	59	χ2=6.76	1	.009
Study site							χ2=21.11	3	.001
Adult clinic	276	54	52	75	224	50
Adolescent clinic	84	16	11	16	73	16
Elderly clinic	56	11	5	7	51	11
DuBois clinic	99	19	1	1	98	22
Marital status							χ2=12.28	3	.006
Never married	226	44	42	61	184	41
Married	158	31	10	14	148	33
Separated or divorced	106	21	15	22	91	20
Widowed	21	4	2	3	19	4
Education							χ2=10.82	4	.029
Less than high school	97	19	18	26	79	18
High school or GED	88	17	9	13	79	18
Some college	163	32	29	42	134	30
College degree	100	19	10	14	90	20
Graduate	64	12	3	4	61	14
Employment status							χ2=4.59	4	.33
Full- or part-time	176	34	22	32	154	35
Disabled or leave of absence	107	21	18	26	89	20
Unemployed	136	26	21	30	115	26
Retired	36	7	2	3	34	8
None reported	60	12	6	9	54	12
Annual household income							χ2=27.07	7	.001
<$10,000	94	18	25	36	69	15
10,001–20,000	107	21	18	26	89	20
20,001–30,000	67	13	11	16	56	13
30,001–40,000	57	11	2	3	55	12
40,001–50,000	43	8	4	6	39	9
50,001–75,000	71	14	6	9	65	15
75,001–100,000	30	6	1	1	29	7
>$100,000	28	5	1	1	27	6
Annual personal income							χ2=7.80	7	.35
<$10,000	275	53	44	64	231	52
10,001–20,000	98	19	11	16	87	20
20,001–30,000	60	12	9	13	51	11
30,001–40,000	25	5	2	3	23	5
40,001–50,000	18	3	2	3	16	4
50,001–75,000	19	4	0	—	19	4
75,001–100,000	4	1	0	—	4	1
>$100,000	9	2	0	—	9	2
Sources of incomea
Wages	217	42	29	42	188	42	χ2=.01	1	.99
Social Security Disability Insurance	94	18	13	19	81	18	χ2=.02	1	.89
Social Security	48	9	3	4	45	10	χ2=2.33	1	.13
Supplemental Security Income	47	9	12	17	35	8	χ2=6.56	1	.010
Welfare	27	5	14	20	13	3	χ2=36.3	1	.001
Unemployment	14	3	3	4	11	2	χ2=.80	1	.37
Other	185	36	20	29	165	37	χ2=1.67	1	.20

^aParticipants could report more than one source of income.