Table 10: Findings on Recovery Time and Endpoints Across Studies: BispectraI Index (BIS) Versus Standard Practice.
| Level of Evidence | Study (Year) |
Differences in Recovery Time and Endpoints | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BI-Aware trial (2004) (23) | No difference in the time to discharge from the PACU.* | NS* |
| Wong et al. (2002) (31) | No difference in the time to discharge from the PACU. | NS | |
| Ahmad et al. (2003) (39) | No difference in the fast track rate.† | NS | |
| Basar et al. (2003) (40) | No difference in the time to eye opening and motor response to a spoken command. | NS | |
| Nelskyla et al. (2001) (43) | No difference in the time to eye opening, time to extubation, and home readiness. | NS | |
| Kruerer et al. (2003) (25) | Time to arrival at the PACU was shorter with BIS.† | <.001 | |
| Pavanti et al. (2001) (45) | Only the time to orientation was shorter with BIS. Time to eye opening and time to extubation each were not different between groups. | <.05 NS | |
| Recart et al. (2003) (27) | PACU stay: Shorter with BIS | <.05 | |
| Bannister et al. (2001) (41) | 0 to 6 months: unreliable data | NS <.05 |
|
| 6 months to 3 years: No difference in recovery measures | |||
| 3 to 18 years: Shorter time to recovery with BIS | |||
| Pavlin et al. (2001) (42) | Female: No difference in recovery time | NS .035 |
|
| Male: Shorter recovery time with BIS. | |||
| 2‡ | Puri and Murphy (2003) (28) | No difference in time to eye opening | NS |
| 3 | Guignard et al. (2001) (44) | No difference in the time from the end of surgery until awakening and in the time to tracheal extubation | NS |
*
BIS indicates bispectral index; NS, not significant; PACU, post anesthesia care unit; RCT, randomized controlled trial.
†
Fast tracking is when the mandatory admission to the phase 1 recovery area is eliminated. This is to increase the efficiency of the operating room.
‡
For recovery time, RCTs that included 60 patients or more were considered large.