Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of study participants at initial testing: typically developing (TD) children, children with speech sound disorders (SSD-only), and children with combined SSDs and language impairment (SSD+LI).
| Variable | TD (n = 20) | SSD-only (n = 20) | SSD+LI (n = 20) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) mean (SD) | 5.15 (.98) | 5.17 (.98) | 5.19 (.76) |
| Male n (%) | 8 (40) | 9 (45) | 10 (50) |
| Female n (%) | 12 (60) | 11 (55) | 10 (50) |
| Family’s Hollingshead SES n (%) | |||
| 1 (lowest) | 0 | 0 | 1 (5) |
| 2 | 3 (15) | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | 2 (10) | 3 (15) | 4 (20) |
| 4 | 4 (20) | 11 (55) | 9 (45) |
| 5 (highest) | 10 (50) | 5 (25) | 6 (30) |
| Unreported | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | 0 |
| Mean (SD) | 4.11 (1.15) | 4.11 (.66) | 3.95 (1.0) |
| Performance IQ mean (SD)a | 106.20 (12.44) | 108.15 (11.39) | 96.35 (11.78) |
| Standard language score mean (SD)b | 113.20 (14.23) | 110.50 (10.04) | 87.00 (13.30) |
Note. SES = socioeconomic status.
a
The children’s performance IQ differed significantly: F(2, 59) = 5.67, p = .006. Results of the Tukey post hoc analysis indicated that the SSD+LI group differed from both the TD group ( p = .030) and the SSD-only group ( p = .007).
b
The children’s standard language score differed significantly: F(2, 33) = 14.18, p ≤ .001). Results of the Tukey post hoc analysis indicated that the SSD+LI group differed significantly from both the TD group and the SSD-only group ( p < .001).