Table 5.
Measures | TD
|
SSD-only
|
SSD+LI
|
F | p value | η2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||||
Story structure | |||||||||
Story grammars | 42.90 | 23.28 | 40.65 | 25.05 | 25.95 | 20.46 | 3.2 | 0.048* | 0.10 |
High point | 4.75 | 1.77 | 4.70 | 1.90 | 3.85 | 2.30 | 1.28 | 0.287 | 0.04 |
Comprehension questions | |||||||||
Factual questionsa,b | 76.50 | 32.75 | 73.25 | 27.91 | 39.80 | 31.63 | 8.68 | 0.001* | 0.23 |
Inferential questionsa,b | 51.60 | 38.23 | 51.50 | 33.28 | 23.15 | 28.67 | 4.76 | 0.012* | 0.14 |
Linguistic complexity | |||||||||
Number of T-units | 9.00 | 3.01 | 8.75 | 3.92 | 8.65 | 4.37 | 0.05 | 0.956 | 0.00 |
Mean length of T-unit | 5.41 | 2.53 | 5.08 | 2.0 | 4.46 | 1.95 | 1.0 | 0.376 | 0.03 |
Number of words | 50.90 | 29.42 | 51.95 | 30.23 | 45.5 | 33.06 | 0.25 | 0.780 | 0.01 |
Number of different words | 29.05 | 12.97 | 30.80 | 14.09 | 24.4 | 13.99 | 1.17 | 0.319 | 0.04 |
Articulatory complexity | |||||||||
2-syllable words | 6.60 | 4.26 | 5.70 | 3.92 | 5.65 | 4.75 | 0.31 | 0.738 | 0.01 |
3-syllable words | 0.50 | 0.89 | 0.55 | 1.43 | 0.70 | 1.42 | 0.13 | 0.874 | 0.00 |
Examiner support | |||||||||
Move forward cues | 1.5 | 1.43 | 1.85 | 1.98 | 1.45 | 1.39 | 0.36 | 0.699 | 0.01 |
Affirming cues | 4.8 | 4.36 | 5.35 | 4.31 | 4.60 | 3.57 | 0.18 | 0.836 | 0.01 |
Leading cues | 3.8 | 2.63 | 3.75 | 3.29 | 3.75 | 2.84 | 0.0 | 0.998 | 0.00 |
Information cues | 0.30 | 0.57 | 0.40 | 0.82 | 0.50 | 0.69 | 0.41 | 0.668 | 0.01 |
Number of cues | 11.40 | 10.57 | 11.4 | 7.08 | 10.30 | 7.12 | 0.11 | 0.893 | 0.00 |
Requests for help | 1.25 | 1.02 | 1.45 | 1.4 | 1.00 | 1.26 | 0.67 | 0.517 | 0.02 |
Fraction spontaneous | 0.56 | 0.34 | 0.58 | 0.39 | 0.63 | 0.32 | 0.22 | 0.803 | 0.01 |
Content accuracy | |||||||||
Content items | 30.95 | 20.73 | 30.55 | 18.74 | 17.35 | 14.64 | 3.61 | 0.033* | 0.11 |
Correct utterancesb | 6.35 | 3.48 | 7.15 | 3.68 | 4.40 | 3.50 | 3.17 | 0.050* | 0.10 |
Relevant, incorrect utterances | 0.65 | 0.93 | 0.40 | 0.68 | 1.00 | 1.41 | 1.63 | 0.204 | 0.05 |
Irrelevant utterances | 0.15 | 0.37 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 1.05 | 2.33 | 3.25 | 0.046* | 0.10 |
The control group differs from the SSD+LI group.
The SSD-only group differs from the SSD+LI group.
p < .05.