TABLE 2.
Milk Volumes and Composition in r-hPRL and Placebo Groups Before and After Treatment
| r-hPRL (N = 11) |
Placebo (N = 2–4)a |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Treatment | Pb | Baseline | Treatment | Normalc | |
| Milk volume, mL/d | 73 ± 36 | 146 ± 54 | <.001 | 319 ± 188 | 348 ± 202 | 749–1181 |
| Lactose level, mmol/L | 155 ± 15.2 | 184 ± 7.6 | .01 | 207; 236 | 207; 274 | 159–214 |
| Sodium level, mmol/L | 12.1 ± 2.0 | 8.3 ± 0.5 | .02 | 8; 8 | 7; 7 | 4–16 |
| Calcium level, mmol/L | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 3.9 ± 1.6 | .23 | 1.1; 1.5 | 2.0; 2.3 | 4.3–9.0 |
| Calcium level with twice-daily r-hPRL, mmol/L | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 0.9 | .03 | NA | NA | 4.3–9.0 |
| Protein level, g/L | 13.2 ± 2.6 | 11.2 ± 2.1 | .33 | 7.2; 6.8 | 8.2; 2.9 | 7–11 |
| Fat proportion, % | 7.2 ± 1.0 | 7.8 ± 0.8 | .65 | 9.1; 8.8 | 9.3; 10.7 | 2–8 |
| Citrate level, mmol/L | 3.9 ± 2.1 | 3.0 ± 1.6 | .79 | 8.3; 0.5 | 8.3; 0.5 | 2.3–4.4 |
| α-Lactalbumin level, g/L | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | .9 | 3.6; 3.5 | 3.4; 3.5 | 3.2 ± 1.0 |
| Neutral oligosaccharide level, g/L | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | .04 | 0.5; 1.3 | 1.4; 1.5 | 0.1–1.9 |
| Acidic oligosaccharide level, mg/L | 33.2 ± 4.5 | 60.3 ± 6.3 | .02 | 52.8; 12.8 | 87.2; 16.7 | NA |
| IgA level | ||||||
| g/L | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | .03 | 0.2; 0.2 | 0.2; 0.2 | 0.5–1.5 |
| mg/d | 73 ± 27 | 76 ± 31 | .92 | 73; 167 | 92; 134 | NA |
| Milk prolactin level, μg/L | 47.4 ± 7.7 | 118 ± 25 | .03 | 21.5; 1.8 | 59.9; 12.6 | 4–254 |
Baseline indicates the average for days 1 to 2, and treatment indicates the average for days 7 to 8. NA indicates not available.
N = 4 for milk volume; N = 2 for all other milk parameters (milk volume was 0–2 mL for 2 subjects). Where N = 2, raw data are presented; otherwise, data are expressed as mean ± SEM.
P values are for paired t tests or repeated-measures analysis of variance (see text).
Values indicate normal milk volumes after 1 to 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding,57 normal values for lactose, sodium, calcium, protein, fat, citrate, and IgA levels in mature milk during 3 weeks to 6 months of successful lactation,31,33 normal oligosaccharide concentrations during 0 to 10 weeks of lactation,42 normal α-lactalbumin levels in mature milk from US mothers,30 and normal milk prolactin levels for breast milk at any time after birth.7,48