TABLE 3.

Multivariate Associations of Predictors With Outcomes

	aOR (95% CI)			Incident Rate Ratio (95% CI) for Acute Outpatient Visits With Wheeze
	Asthmaa	Persistent Asthmab	Inhaled Corticosteroids
Gestational age
34–36 wk	1.26 (0.92–1.73)	1.68 (1.01–2.80)c	1.66 (1.20–2.29)c	1.44 (1.24–1.67)c
37–38 wk	1.34 (1.11–1.63)c	1.28 (0.89–1.84)	1.39 (1.12–1.72)c	0.98 (0.89–1.07)
39–42 wk	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Gender
Male	1.88 (1.58–2.24)c	2.41 (1.72–3.40)c	1.82 (1.50–2.22)c	1.14 (1.04–1.25)c
Female	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Race
Black	1.81 (1.35–2.42)c	2.04 (1.21–3.44)c	1.56 (1.13–2.17)c	0.87 (0.75–1.02)
Other	0.75 (0.57–0.97)c	0.92 (0.53–1.58)	0.79 (0.60–1.05)c	1.03 (0.90–1.16)
White	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Insurance
Private	0.69 (0.54–0.88)c	0.83 (0.55–1.26)	0.80 (0.60–1.05)	1.06 (0.93–1.19)
Public	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Incomed
>20% below FPL	0.71 (0.48–1.06)	0.69 (0.35–1.34)	0.78 (0.50–1.23)	0.72 (0.58–0.90)c
10%–20% below FPL	0.90 (0.64–1.27)	0.73 (0.39–1.38)	0.96 (0.66–1.39)	0.78 (0.66–0.93)c
5%–10% below FPL	1.02 (0.79–1.32)	0.90 (0.53–1.53)	1.00 (0.76–1.33)	0.88 (0.78–0.99)c
<5% below FPL	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Delivery method
Vaginal	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Cesarean	1.13 (0.94–1.35)	1.11 (0.80–1.55)	1.15 (0.94–1.40)	1.06 (0.97–1.15)
Breastfeeding
Any breastfeeding	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Formula feeding only	1.39 (1.16–1.66)c	1.27 (0.91–1.76)	1.24 (1.01–1.51)c	0.87 (0.80–0.95)c
Atopy	1.80 (1.47–2.19)c	1.63 (1.15–2.31)c	1.70 (1.36–2.12)c	1.01 (0.91–1.11)

The analysis included adjustment for primary care site.

^aAny diagnosis of asthma, including intermittent or unspecified asthma and mild, moderate, or severe persistent asthma.

^bDiagnosis of mild, moderate, or severe persistent asthma.

^cP < 0.05

^dProportion of zip code residents with incomes below the federal poverty level (FPL).