Table 1.
Characteristics of 416 PHACS AMP study participants, overall and according to HIV infection status.
| Child’s HIV infection status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Total (N = 416) | PHIV + (N = 295) | PHIV − (N = 121) | P-value |
| Child characteristics | ||||
| Female sex | 217 (52.2%) | 164 (55.6%) | 53 (43.8%) | 0.03a |
| Black raceb | 303 (77.1%) | 223 (80.8%) | 80 (68.4%) | 0.01a |
| Hispanic ethnicityb | 97 (23.4%) | 58 (19.7%) | 39 (32.2%) | 0.01a |
| Age at evaluation < 12 years | 228 (54.8%) | 135 (45.8%) | 93 (76.9%) | <0.01a |
| Child knows HIV statusb | - | 195 (67.0%) | - | - |
| Detectable viral load at entry (>400 cp/ml) | - | 95 (32.2%) | - | - |
| CDC classification C | 77 (26.1%) | |||
| Nadir CD4 count (cells/mm3) | ||||
| <200 | - | 63 (21.4%) | - | - |
| 200–350 | - | 64 (21.7%) | - | |
| 351–500 | - | 67 (22.7%) | - | |
| >500 | - | 101 (34.2%) | - | |
| HAART before study entry | - | 278 (94.2%) | - | - |
| Child IQb | ||||
| N | 394 | 280 | 114 | |
| Mean (STD) | 86.72 (15.19) | 86.19 (15.22) | 88.01 (15.11) | 0.28c |
| Min, Max | 41, 130 | 41, 130 | 46, 120 | |
| Caregiver characteristics | ||||
| Caregiver identity | ||||
| Biological mother | 206 (49.5%) | 112 (38.0%) | 94 (77.7%) | <0.01a |
| Other relative | 110 (26.4%) | 94 (31.9%) | 16 (13.2%) | |
| Non-relative | 100 (24.0%) | 89 (30.2%) | 11 (9.1%) | |
| Single parent | 220 (52.9%) | 144 (48.8%) | 76 (62.8%) | 0.01a |
| Less than high school education | 107 (25.7%) | 76 (25.8%) | 31 (25.6%) | 0.98a |
| Income levelb | ||||
| < $20K | 207 (52.4%) | 126 (45.3%) | 81 (69.2%) | <0.01a |
| $20–40K | 111 (28.1%) | 92 (33.1%) | 19 (16.2%) | |
| >$40K | 77 (19.5%) | 60 (21.6%) | 17 (14.5%) | |
| IQ < 70b | 26 (9.3%) | 12 (6.1%) | 14 (16.9%) | <0.01a |
| Any psychiatric diagnosisb | 103 (32.0%) | 65 (28.9%) | 38 (39.2%) | 0.07a |
| ARV use during pregnancyb | 162 (45.3%) | 60 (24.5%) | 102 (90.3%) | <0.01a |
| PCRI measuresb, some or serious problem with: | ||||
| Parent support | 30 (8.8%) | 17 (7.1%) | 13 (12.9%) | 0.09a |
| Involvement | 96 (28.2%) | 71 (29.7%) | 25 (24.8%) | 0.35a |
| Communication | 85 (25.0%) | 61 (25.5%) | 24 (23.8%) | 0.73a |
| Limit-setting | 18 (5.3%) | 11 (4.6%) | 7 (6.9%) | 0.38a |
| Number of caregiver functional limitationsb | ||||
| 0 | 200 (51.7%) | 150 (54.5%) | 50 (44.6%) | 0.03a |
| 1–3 | 132 (34.1%) | 94 (34.2%) | 38 (33.9%) | |
| >4 | 55 (14.2%) | 31 (11.3%) | 24 (21.4%) | |
a
Chi-square test.
b
Some subjects were missing measurements of characteristics and are excluded from calculations of percentages; race: 23, ethnicity: 1, child knows HIV status: 4, caregiver interaction characteristics: 76, income 21, caregiver psychiatric diagnoses: 94, ARV use during pregnancy: 58, caregiver IQ: 136, number of caregiver functional limitations: 29.
c
T-test with equal variance.
Note: MH, mental health; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; STD, standard deviation; ARV, antiretroviral; PCRI, Parent-Child Relationship Inventory.