Table 3.
Site Baseline Comparison Data
| ALL N = 387 n (%) |
Roybal n = 219 n (%) |
El Monte n = 168 n (%) |
Bivariate analysis p |
Multivariate analysis p |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Characteristics | |||||
| Diabetes treatment | |||||
| Oral medication | 268 (69.3) | 146 (66.7) | 122 (72.6) | ||
| Insulin | 54 (14.0) | 22 (10.0) | 32 (19.0) | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Insulin plus oral medication | 53 (13.7) | 45 (20.5) | 8 (4.8) | 0.56 | |
| Diet alone or none | 12 (3.1) | 6 (2.7) | 6 (3.6) | 0.76 | |
| Diabetes complications | |||||
| 0 | 65 (16.8) | 24 (11.0) | 41 (24.4) | ||
| 1 | 160 (41.3) | 88 (40.2) | 72 (42.9) | 0.49 | |
| 2 | 106 (27.4) | 72 (32.9) | 34 (20.2) | 0.33 | |
| ≥3 | 56 (14.5) | 35 (16.0) | 21 (12.5) | <0.01 | |
| HbA1c ≥ 7% | 310 (82.9) | 168 (79.2) | 142 (87.7) | 0.03 | |
| Moderate/severe depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 15) | 196 (50.6) | 99 (45.2) | 97 (57.7) | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Taking psychotropic medicationa | 61 (15.8) | 42 (19.2) | 19 (11.3) | 0.04 | |
| Depression/anxiety counselingb | 49 (12.7) | 42 (19.2) | 7 (4.2) | <0.0001 | |
| Comorbid gastrointestinal disease | 54 (14.0) | 46 (21.0) | 8 (4.8) | <0.0001 | 0.03 |
| Comorbid eye disease | 59 (15.2) | 47 (21.5) | 12 (7.1) | <0.001 | |
| Comorbid arthritis | 140 (36.2) | 89 (40.6) | 51 (30.4) | 0.04 | |
| Chronic pain | 126 (32.6) | 85 (38.8) | 41 (24.4) | <0.01 | |
| Taking pain medication | 103 (26.6) | 69 (31.5) | 34 (20.2) | 0.01 | |
| Financial Stress | |||||
| No money left over at the end of month | 302 (78.0) | 202 (92.2) | 100 (59.5) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Very worried about current financial situation | 180 (46.5) | 122 (55.7) | 58 (34.5) | <0.0001 | |
| Cost concerns—hospitalization | 144 (37.2) | 120 (54.8) | 24 (14.3) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Financial situation is getting worse | 142 (36.7) | 98 (44.7) | 44 (26.2) | <0.001 | |
| Cost concerns—medication | 95 (24.5) | 66 (30.1) | 29 (17.3) | <0.01 | |
| Inability to get all prescribed medication | 37 (9.6) | 28 (12.8) | 9 (5.4) | 0.01 | |
| Have problems getting to the clinic | 83 (21.4) | 58 (26.5) | 25 (14.9) | 0.01 | |
| Social Stress Inventory | |||||
| Experiencing at least 1 or 12 stressorsc | 343 (88.6) | 207 (94.5) | 136 (81.0) | <0.0001 | |
a
55 patients taking SSRIs, 4 taking TCAs, 1 taking Benzodiazepine
b
Receiving from a doctor, social worker, or psychologist, some of whom were also among those taking psychotropic medication.
c
Work, unemployment, financial problems, marital/family conflicts, child/caregiving problems, cultural conflicts, legal or immigration problems, serious illness or death of family member, community violence or crime.