Table 3.
Beverage-specific long-term alcohol consumption and risks of total death among 1818 men with incident non-fatal myocardial infarction
| Long-term alcohol consumption (g/day) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.1–9.9 | 10–29.9 | ≥30 | Ptrend* | Pquad** | |
| Beer | ||||||
| Total deaths | 274 | 165 | 21 | 6 | ||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)a | 1.0 | 1.04 (0.82–1.31) | 0.96 (0.63–1.46) | 1.09 (0.46–2.60) | 0.38 | 0.80 |
| Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)b | 1.0 | 0.98 (0.77–1.24) | 0.84 (0.52–1.35) | 0.95 (0.39–2.32) | 0.29 | 0.96 |
| Wine | ||||||
| Total deaths | 250 | 185 | 30 | 1 | ||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)a | 1.0 | 0.78 (0.62–0.97) | 0.81 (0.54–1.20) | 0.85 (0.12–6.33) | 0.16 | 0.02 |
| Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)b | 1.0 | 0.93 (0.74–1.17) | 1.07 (0.71–1.62) | 1.22 (0.16–9.17) | 0.99 | 0.36 |
| Liquor | ||||||
| Total deaths | 286 | 114 | 45 | 23 | ||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)a | 1.0 | 0.77 (0.60–0.98) | 0.83 (0.59–1.18) | 0.80 (0.51–1.26) | 0.20 | 0.24 |
| Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)b | 1.0 | 0.80 (0.63–1.02) | 0.84 (0.59–1.20) | 0.89 (0.56–1.41) | 0.40 | 0.26 |
aAdjusted for age at diagnosis, questionnaire follow-up cycle, smoking, and each specific alcohol beverage type.
bMultivariable adjusted further for BMI, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, lipid-lowering medication, aspirin use, and heart failure at MI.
*P for linear trend.
**P for quadratic trend.