Table 2.

Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of the conditional prevalence of past-year substance use disorder in past-year substance users among ED patients aged 18 years or older

Adjusted logistic regression model¹	AOR (95% CI) of alcohol use disorder¹ (N=85,008)		AOR (95% CI) of drug use disorder¹ (N=26,585)

ED status	ED users	ED non-users	ED users	ED non-users
Age (vs. 18–25 years)
26–34	0.76 (0.63–0.91)	0.69 (0.61–0.78)	0.81 (0.65–1.00)	0.86 (0.72–1.03)
35–49	0.53 (0.46–0.62)	0.50 (0.44–0.57)	0.65 (0.49–0.85)	0.65 (0.52–0.79)
50–64	0.35 (0.27–0.47)	0.35 (0.31–0.40)	0.44 (0.26–0.76)	0.38 (0.25–0.57)
65+	0.12 (0.07–0.19)	0.16 (0.11–0.24)	0.70 (0.21–2.28)	0.85 (0.40–1.84)

Sex (vs. female)
Male	1.99 (1.78–2.22)	1.98 (1.82–2.16)	1.38 (1.17–1.63)	1.38 (1.17–1.63)

Race/ethnicity (vs. white)
Black	0.95 (0.80–1.13)	0.79 (0.66–0.96)	1.13 (0.88–1.44)	1.03 (0.80–1.32)
Native American	1.56 (0.95–2.56)	1.20 (0.81–1.78)	0.91 (0.48–1.72)	0.68 (0.32–1.45)
Asian/Pacific Islander	0.80 (0.48–1.33)	0.55 (0.43–0.71)	0.61 (0.30–1.21)	1.20 (0.66–2.19)
Multiple race	1.47 (1.06–2.03)	0.85 (0.61–1.19)	1.03 (0.55–1.93)	0.97 (0.56–1.66)
Hispanic	0.97 (0.83–1.12)	0.96 (0.86–1.08)	1.04 (0.79–1.36)	1.17 (0.96–1.42)

Education (vs. ≥ college)
< High school	1.24 (1.07–1.44)	1.17 (1.01–1.37)	1.44 (1.19–1.74)	2.02 (1.68–2.44)
High school	1.06 (0.92–1.22)	0.98 (0.89–1.08)	1.40 (1.18–1.65)	1.41 (1.62–1.62)

Family income (vs. $75,000+)
< $40,000	1.07 (0.89–1.28)	1.04 (0.92–1.18)	1.31 (1.02–1.68)	1.12 (0.94–1.35)
$40,000 – 74,999	1.02 (0.87–1.19)	0.95 (0.85–1.06)	1.23 (0.96–1.58)	1.23 (0.94–1.61)

Marital status (vs. married)
Separate/divorced/wid.	1.68 (1.33–2.12)	1.51 (1.28–1.78)	1.32 (0.96–1.82)	1.33 (0.97–1.82)
Single	1.91 (1.64–2.22)	1.69 (1.50–1.90)	1.52 (1.18–1.95)	1.56 (1.28–1.92)

Population density (vs. large metropolitan)
Small metropolitan	1.06 (0.93–1.21)	1.01 (0.92–1.11)	0.91 (0.78–1.07)	0.96 (0.81–1.13)
Non-metropolitan	1.11 (0.84–1.48)	0.80 (0.66–0.97)	0.86 (0.66–1.14)	0.79 (0.56–1.13)

History of substance abuse treatment (vs. no)
Yes	4.65 (4.01–5.39)	4.56 (3.99–5.20)	3.24 (2.65–3.96)	2.78 (2.28–3.38)
History of injection drug use (vs. no)
Yes	1.50 (1.13–2.01)	1.40 (1.01–1.91)	2.44 (1.80–3.29)	1.89 (1.38–2.59)

Survey year (vs. 2007)
2008	1.12 (0.96–1.30)	0.94 (0.86–1.04)	1.19 (0.96–1.49)	0.96 (0.81–1.14)
2009	1.06 (0.92–1.22)	0.95 (0.86–1.06)	1.04 (0.84–1.29)	0.93 (0.78–1.10)

ED: emergency department. CI: confidence interval.

Each separate model included all independent variables listed in the first column; results were adjusted for the complex survey design of the data (weighting, clustering, and stratification) and model covariates.