Table 2.
Adjusted logistic regression model1 | AOR (95% CI) of alcohol use disorder1 (N=85,008) | AOR (95% CI) of drug use disorder1 (N=26,585) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||
ED status | ED users | ED non-users | ED users | ED non-users |
Age (vs. 18–25 years) | ||||
26–34 | 0.76 (0.63–0.91) | 0.69 (0.61–0.78) | 0.81 (0.65–1.00) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) |
35–49 | 0.53 (0.46–0.62) | 0.50 (0.44–0.57) | 0.65 (0.49–0.85) | 0.65 (0.52–0.79) |
50–64 | 0.35 (0.27–0.47) | 0.35 (0.31–0.40) | 0.44 (0.26–0.76) | 0.38 (0.25–0.57) |
65+ | 0.12 (0.07–0.19) | 0.16 (0.11–0.24) | 0.70 (0.21–2.28) | 0.85 (0.40–1.84) |
| ||||
Sex (vs. female) | ||||
Male | 1.99 (1.78–2.22) | 1.98 (1.82–2.16) | 1.38 (1.17–1.63) | 1.38 (1.17–1.63) |
| ||||
Race/ethnicity (vs. white) | ||||
Black | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) | 0.79 (0.66–0.96) | 1.13 (0.88–1.44) | 1.03 (0.80–1.32) |
Native American | 1.56 (0.95–2.56) | 1.20 (0.81–1.78) | 0.91 (0.48–1.72) | 0.68 (0.32–1.45) |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.80 (0.48–1.33) | 0.55 (0.43–0.71) | 0.61 (0.30–1.21) | 1.20 (0.66–2.19) |
Multiple race | 1.47 (1.06–2.03) | 0.85 (0.61–1.19) | 1.03 (0.55–1.93) | 0.97 (0.56–1.66) |
Hispanic | 0.97 (0.83–1.12) | 0.96 (0.86–1.08) | 1.04 (0.79–1.36) | 1.17 (0.96–1.42) |
| ||||
Education (vs. ≥ college) | ||||
< High school | 1.24 (1.07–1.44) | 1.17 (1.01–1.37) | 1.44 (1.19–1.74) | 2.02 (1.68–2.44) |
High school | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 1.40 (1.18–1.65) | 1.41 (1.62–1.62) |
| ||||
Family income (vs. $75,000+) | ||||
< $40,000 | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 1.04 (0.92–1.18) | 1.31 (1.02–1.68) | 1.12 (0.94–1.35) |
$40,000 – 74,999 | 1.02 (0.87–1.19) | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | 1.23 (0.96–1.58) | 1.23 (0.94–1.61) |
| ||||
Marital status (vs. married) | ||||
Separate/divorced/wid. | 1.68 (1.33–2.12) | 1.51 (1.28–1.78) | 1.32 (0.96–1.82) | 1.33 (0.97–1.82) |
Single | 1.91 (1.64–2.22) | 1.69 (1.50–1.90) | 1.52 (1.18–1.95) | 1.56 (1.28–1.92) |
| ||||
Population density (vs. large metropolitan) | ||||
Small metropolitan | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | 0.96 (0.81–1.13) |
Non-metropolitan | 1.11 (0.84–1.48) | 0.80 (0.66–0.97) | 0.86 (0.66–1.14) | 0.79 (0.56–1.13) |
| ||||
History of substance abuse treatment (vs. no) | ||||
Yes | 4.65 (4.01–5.39) | 4.56 (3.99–5.20) | 3.24 (2.65–3.96) | 2.78 (2.28–3.38) |
History of injection drug use (vs. no) | ||||
Yes | 1.50 (1.13–2.01) | 1.40 (1.01–1.91) | 2.44 (1.80–3.29) | 1.89 (1.38–2.59) |
| ||||
Survey year (vs. 2007) | ||||
2008 | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | 0.94 (0.86–1.04) | 1.19 (0.96–1.49) | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) |
2009 | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 0.95 (0.86–1.06) | 1.04 (0.84–1.29) | 0.93 (0.78–1.10) |
ED: emergency department. CI: confidence interval.
Each separate model included all independent variables listed in the first column; results were adjusted for the complex survey design of the data (weighting, clustering, and stratification) and model covariates.