Table 1.

The research application of the most common invertebrate models used for AD

ANIMAL MODEL	COMMON NAME	RESEARCH APPLICATION
Caenorhabditis elegans	Roundworm	Localization of amyloid deposit Effect of aging on the size of amyloid plaques Aβ toxicity and behaviour correlation Effect of dietary deprivation in AD
Danio rerio	Zebrafish	Studies on NTF and amyloid plaques Toxicity of Aβ peptide Mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes Drug screening
Drosophila melanogaster	Fruit fly	Assessment of modulators of BACE1 or APP metabolism Localization of Aβ peptide Role of tau protein in AD
Ciona intestinalis	Ascidian	APP processing Study on familial AD Drug screening
Paracentrotus lividus	Rock sea urchin	Relationship between different Aβ aggregation forms and toxicity Different activation of Apoptotic pathways
Sphaerechinus granularis	Violet sea urchin	Neuroprotective effect of neurotransmitters Developmental abnormalities due to Aβ peptide administration