Figure 13.
Photostimulation of a human heart. Spatio-temporal evolution of transmembrane potential ϕ, intracellular sodium cNa, potassium cK, and calcium cCa concentrations for bi-vnetricularly paced heart. Photosensitive cells are virtually injected into the lateral walls of the left and right ventricles, while all other regions are modeled as conventional cardiac muscle cells. Two depolarization waves form in the lateral left and right ventricular walls to travel along the ventricles and activate the apex and the septum.