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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mech Phys Solids. 2012 Jun 1;60(6):1158–1178. doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2012.02.004

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Multiscale model for the photoelectrochemistry of living systems. Optical stimulation opens the cation channel channelrhodopsin gChR2. This initiates a photocurrent IChR2 increasing the chemical concentration of sodium ions cNa inside the cell. Concentration changes evoke changes in the electrical potential ϕ, which propagates across the tissue system in the form of smooth excitation waves.