Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram depicting the experimental protocol. In Sham group, rats were subjected to the same surgical procedure but did not undergo cardiac arrest and resuscitation (CAR). In Isc1 and Isc2 groups, rats were subjected to 5 minutes cardiac arrest and treated with saline immediately after CAR. Rats in Edv0 and Edv60 groups were subjected to 5 minutes cardiac arrest and given 3 mg/kg edaravone intravenously immediately after CAR or 60 minutes after CAR, respectively. The rats in the Sham and the Isc1 groups were killed one week after CAR. Rats in the Isc2, Edv0, and Edv60 groups were killed two weeks after CAR.