Table 1.
Intervention Group |
Control Group |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Included (n = 181) | Excluded (n = 127) | Included (n = 180) | Excluded (n = 114) | |
Child Covariates | ||||
Boy | 0.52 (0.50) | 0.48 (0.50) | 0.46 (0.50) | 0.38 (0.49) |
Age | 4.23 (0.84) | 4.14 (0.69) | 4.45 (0.80) | 3.88 (0.87)** |
Non-Hispanic Black | 0.75 (0.43) | 0.54 (0.50)** | 0.63 (0.48) | 0.68 (0.47) |
Pre-intervention score | ||||
PPVT-III | 0.47 (0.16) | 0.42 (0.14)* | 0.46 (0.18) | 0.38 (0.16)** |
Early Math Skills | 0.43 (0.18) | 0.35 (0.19)** | 0.42 (0.21) | 0.29 (0.20)** |
BPI Internalizing Problems | 2.33 (2.54) | 2.74 (2.40) | 1.56 (2.09) | 2.79 (2.74)** |
BPI Externalizing Problems | 6.33 (6.31) | 5.94 (5.63) | 4.01 (4.46) | 7.65 (6.21)** |
Baseline Mother Covariates | ||||
Mother was married | 0.20 (0.40) | 0.14 (0.34) | 0.28 (0.45) | 0.20 (0.40) |
Less than high school education | 0.31 (0.46) | 0.19 (0.39)* | 0.26 (0.44) | 0.24 (0.43) |
Working ≤ 10 hours per week | 0.48 (0.50) | 0.34 (0.47)* | 0.40 (0.49) | 0.38 (0.49) |
Income below 50% poverty line | 0.52 (0.50) | 0.39 (0.49)* | 0.43 (0.50) | 0.36 (0.48) |
Baseline Classroom Covariates | ||||
Overall quality | 4.34 (0.75) | 4.62 (0.70)** | 4.93 (0.70) | 5.04 (0.82) |
Emotional climate | 15.16 (2.94) | 15.75 (2.62)+ | 16.47 (2.55) | 17.15 (2.55)* |
Teacher behavior management skills | 4.59 (1.06) | 4.57 (1.09) | 5.09 (0.87) | 5.27 (0.93)+ |
Student-staff ratio | 6.95 (1.38) | 6.84 (1.43) | 7.38 (1.82) | 7.48 (1.90) |
Notes: means and standard deviations in parentheses;
p < 0.01,
p < 0.05,
p < 0.10 for two-tailed t-statistics testing the mean differences between the sample included in the analysis and the sample excluded from the analysis by intervention status, with significance levels, if any, indicated in the descriptive statistics of the excluded sample.