Table 3.
Pharmacotherapy of patients according to syndromes of acute heart failure.
| Medication on admission1 | Total (N = 4,153) | ADHF (N = 2,241) | Hypertensive AHF (N = 179) | Pulmonary edema (N = 748) | Cardiogenic shock (N = 600) | AHF with high output (N = 132) | Right AHF (N = 156) | P 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antiplatelets | 1,865 (44.9%) | 988 (44.1%) | 84 (47.1%) | 406 (54.3%) | 259 (43.1%) | 48 (36.0%) | 35 (22.2%) | <0.001 |
| Anticoagulants | 739 (17.8%) | 459 (20.5%) | 24 (13.4%) | 99 (13.3%) | 80 (13.3%) | 26 (20.0%) | 26 (16.7%) | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitors | 1,973 (47.5%) | 1,069 (47.7%) | 94 (52.3%) | 383 (51.2%) | 262 (43.6%) | 55 (41.6%) | 62 (39.6%) | 0.016 |
| AT2 | 511 (12.3%) | 273 (12.2%) | 28 (15.7%) | 95 (12.7%) | 62 (10.4%) | 21 (16.0%) | 18 (11.8%) | 0.414 |
| Beta-blockers | 2,118 (51.0%) | 1,185 (52.9%) | 100 (55.8%) | 399 (53.4%) | 263 (43.8%) | 58 (44.0%) | 54 (34.7%) | <0.001 |
| Calcium antagonists | 968 (23.3%) | 459 (20.5%) | 54 (30.2%) | 222 (29.7%) | 147 (24.5%) | 32 (24.0%) | 37 (23.6%) | <0.001 |
| Diuretics | 2,284 (55.0%) | 1,307 (58.3%) | 85 (47.7%) | 408 (54.5%) | 277 (46.2%) | 70 (52.8%) | 71 (45.8%) | <0.001 |
| Spironolactone | 951 (22.9%) | 594 (26.5%) | 22 (12.2%) | 153 (20.4%) | 108 (18.0%) | 21 (16.0%) | 25 (16.0%) | <0.001 |
| Statins | 1,325 (31.9%) | 706 (31.5%) | 53 (29.7%) | 296 (39.6%) | 172 (28.6%) | 35 (26.4%) | 28 (18.1%) | <0.001 |
| Other antiarrhytmics | 482 (11.6%) | 289 (12.9%) | 21 (11.6%) | 78 (10.4%) | 58 (9.6%) | 18 (13.6%) | 7 (4.2%) | 0.005 |
| Digoxin | 702 (16.9%) | 410 (18.3%) | 32 (18.0%) | 99 (13.3%) | 93 (15.5%) | 26 (20.0%) | 19 (12.0%) | 0.016 |
| Nitrates | 802 (19.3%) | 412 (18.4%) | 30 (16.9%) | 188 (25.2%) | 131 (21.9%) | 19 (14.4%) | 8 (4.9%) | <0.001 |
| 2Medication at discharge | Total (N = 3,627) | ADHF (N = 2,184) | Hypertensive AHF (N = 175) | Pulmonary edema (N = 695) | Cardiogenic shock (N = 224) | AHF with high output (N = 124) | Right AHF (N = 130) | |
| Antiplatelets | 2,441 (67.3%) | 1,474 (67.5%) | 122 (69.5%) | 511 (73.5%) | 159 (71.2%) | 62 (50.0%) | 48 (36.9%) | <0.001 |
| Anticoagulants | 1,066 (29.4%) | 612 (28.0%) | 39 (22.4%) | 170 (24.5%) | 86 (38.5%) | 53 (42.7%) | 76 (58.5%) | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitors | 2,514 (69.3%) | 1,570 (71.9%) | 125 (71.3%) | 499 (71.8%) | 120 (53.5%) | 72 (58.1%) | 66 (50.8%) | <0.001 |
| AT2 | 370 (10.2%) | 229 (10.5%) | 33 (19.0%) | 63 (9.1%) | 9 (4.0%) | 15 (12.1%) | 11 (8.5%) | <0.001 |
| Beta-blockers | 2,782 (76.7%) | 1,743 (79.8%) | 135 (77.0%) | 531 (76.4%) | 139 (61.9%) | 92 (74.2%) | 71 (54.6%) | <0.001 |
| Calcium antagonists | 638 (17.6%) | 341 (15.6%) | 89 (51.1%) | 138 (19.9%) | 12 (5.3%) | 21 (16.9%) | 21 (16.2%) | <0.001 |
| Diuretics | 3,032 (83.6%) | 1,850 (84.7%) | 155 (88.5%) | 626 (90.1%) | 170 (75.7%) | 95 (76.6%) | 59 (45.4%) | <0.001 |
| Spironolactone | 2,060 (56.8%) | 1,321 (60.5%) | 63 (36.2%) | 444 (63.9%) | 87 (38.9%) | 53 (42.7%) | 32 (24.6%) | <0.001 |
| Statins | 2,093 (57.7%) | 1,278 (58.5%) | 86 (49.4%) | 455 (65.5%) | 119 (53.1%) | 45 (36.3%) | 54 (41.5%) | <0.001 |
| Other antiarrhytmics | 613 (16.9%) | 360 (16.5%) | 26 (14.9%) | 112 (16.1%) | 39 (17.3%) | 52 (41.9%) | 8 (6.2%) | <0.001 |
| Digoxin | 707 (19.5%) | 454 (20.8%) | 24 (13.8%) | 105 (15.1%) | 36 (15.9%) | 53 (42.7%) | 13 (10.1%) | <0.001 |
| Nitrates | 479 (13.2%) | 317 (14.5%) | 17 (9.8%) | 106 (15.3%) | 11 (4.9%) | 11 (8.9%) | 2 (1.5%) | <0.001 |
1Syndromes are not known for 97 patients. 2Only patients surviving at discharge from hospital (N = 3627). 3Overall statistical significance of differences among syndromes is based on ML chi-square test. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AT2, antagonist for type 2 receptor for angiotensin II; Other antiarrhytmics, amiodarone, sotahexal, propafenone.