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. 2012 Mar 21;63(10):3913–3922. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers084

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© 2012 The Author(s).

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)

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Fig. 4. — The percentage of time PA spent in various activities on A17 or A20 during an 8 h exposure to the host plants. Watery salivation in phloem (E1) indicates that aphids are injecting watery saliva into the sieve element; phloem ingestion (E2) indicates that aphids are ingesting the phloem sap; extracellular salivation (E1e) indicates watery salivation at the extracellular voltage level (note: because of the low values for Ele, the numbers were used instead of bars); xylem ingestion (G) indicates stylet penetration of tracheary elements; the derailed stylet (F) indicates penetration difficulties of stylets; pathway phase (C) indicates mostly intramural probing activities between mesophyll or parenchyma cells; non-penetration (np) indicates that stylets are outside the plant. Values are the mean and standard error of 16 biological replicates. Means labelled with * are significantly different (t-test; P < 0.05).