Table 3.
Autism Symptom Items, Controlling for Child Age, Residential Status, Sex, and Intellectual Disability Status
| Variable | Fragile X syndrome and autism (n = 30)
|
Fragile X syndrome-only (n = 106)
|
Autism-only (n = 122)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SE | M | SE | M | SE | |
| Social | ||||||
| Facial expression usually appropriate (R) | .42 | .06 | .09 | .03 | .91 | .03 |
| Use your hand like a tool | .66 | .09 | .33 | .05 | .77 | .05 |
| Friends–best friend (R) | .68 | .08 | .43 | .04 | .93 | .04 |
| Looks at you directly in the face (R) | .77 | .09 | .66 | .05 | .78 | .05 |
| Smiles back (R) | .67 | .08 | .21 | .04 | .82 | .04 |
| Shows you things of interest to him/her (R) | .59 | .08 | .32 | .05 | .79 | .04 |
| Shares (R) | .84 | .08 | .44 | .04 | .90 | .04 |
| Join in his/her enjoyment (R) | .62 | .09 | .31 | .05 | .42 | .05 |
| Comforts you (R) | .64 | .09 | .35 | .05 | .69 | .05 |
| Looks–gestures to get your attention (R) | .35 | .08 | .15 | .04 | .64 | .04 |
| Normal range of facial expression (R) | .76 | .08 | .29 | .04 | .85 | .04 |
| Interested in others (R) | .80 | .08 | .54 | .04 | .84 | .04 |
| Responds positively when approached (R) | .68 | .08 | .29 | .04 | .90 | .04 |
| Nonverbal communication | ||||||
| Spontaneously points (R) | .65 | .09 | .43 | .05 | .83 | .05 |
| Gestures other than pointing (R) | .57 | .08 | .44 | .04 | .88 | .04 |
| Nods for “yes” (R) | .60 | .09 | .32 | .05 | .75 | .05 |
| Shake head for “no” (R) | .59 | .09 | .27 | .05 | .75 | .05 |
| Repetitive–restricted behaviors | ||||||
| Has to do things in a very particular way/rituals | .77 | .13 | .61 | .07 | .73 | .07 |
| Odd interests that preoccupy | .75 | .09 | .59 | .05 | .56 | .05 |
| More interested in parts of toys | .83 | .09 | .43 | .05 | .39 | .05 |
| Interests of unusual intensity | .75 | .09 | .54 | .05 | .41 | .05 |
| Unusual sensory interests | .68 | .10 | .42 | .05 | .59 | .05 |
| Odd mannerisms (e.g., hand flapping) | .90 | .09 | .69 | .05 | .50 | .05 |
| Complicated whole-body movements (e.g., spinning) | .68 | .09 | .36 | .05 | .36 | .05 |
Note. R = item was reverse coded: 1 (does not display this behavior), 0 (exhibits this behavior). All other items were coded: 0 (does not display this behavior) or 1 (exhibits this behavior). Adjusted means are reported.