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. 2011 Nov 3;21(7):1234–1240. doi: 10.1007/s00586-011-2056-3

Table 4.

Adjusted analysis of factors associated to low back pain in the last 30 days among high school students from Pelotas, Brazil, 2009

Variables Adjusted analysis
PR (95%CI) p
First level 0.04*
Skin color
 White 1.0
 Non-white 1.4 (1.0–1.9)
Second level
Economic level 0.09**
 A 1.7 (0.6–4.9)
 B 0.9 (0.3–2.3)
 C 0.8 (0.3–2.2)
 D 1.0
Third level
Transportation to school 0.009*
 Walking 1.0
 Motorized 0.6 (0.5–0.9)

PR prevalence ratios, 95%CI 95% confidence intervals, First level adjusted for skin color, age and gender, Second level adjusted for economic level and first-level variables, Third level adjusted for means of transportation to school, school chair comfort, daily hours of TV watching and computer use, and levels above

* Chi-square test for heterogeneity

** Wald’s test for linear trend