Table 4.
Motor Inhibition and Cognitive Flexibility in Strategic and Non-Strategic Gamblers
| Cognitive Task | Strategic (n=22) | Non-Strategic (n=55) | Statistica | df | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intra-dimensional Extra-dimensional Set Shift Task | |||||
|
| |||||
| IDED Stages completed | 8.59 (0.8) | 8.35 (0.9) | 1.129t | 75 | 0.263 |
| IDED total errors | 24.3 (15.3) | 22.7 (12.9) | 0.455t | 75 | 0.65 |
| IDED total errors (adjusted) | 28.8 (23.6) | 29.1 (20.5) | 0.047t | 75 | 0.963 |
| Total Reversal Errors | 8.55 (6.3) | 8.15 (8.4) | 0.201t | 75 | 0.841 |
| Intradimensional Shift | 0.81 (1.5) | 0.56 (0.63) | 1.054t | 75 | 0.295 |
| Extradimensional Shift | 11.59 (9.3) | 11.98 (10.3) | 0.155t | 75 | 0.877 |
|
| |||||
| Stop-Signal Task | |||||
|
| |||||
| SST SSRT | 209.6 (103.1) | 184.8 (54.4 | 1.381t | 75 | 0.171 |
| SST median go reaction time | 478.4 (166.2) | 523.8 (131.1) | 1.268t | 75 | 0.209 |
|
| |||||
| SST p(inhibition) | 0.47 (0.15) | 0.52 (0.13) | 1.549t | 75 | 0.125 |
All scores are Mean (± SD)
a
Statistic: t = t-test: two sample assuming equal variances
p-value = two-tailed t-test
Strategic gambling = poker, sports, cards, dice, blackjack, track (horses, dogs)
Non-strategic gambling = slots, lottery, pull tabs, bingo, keno, video poker
Abbreviations: IDED = Intradimensional Extradimensional; SST = Stop Signal Task; SSRT = Stop-Signal Reaction Time