Table 1.
Characteristics of Individuals: Overall Sample, Cases, Controls, and Neither Cases Nor Controls
| Characteristics | Overall Sample Individuals (N = 297) | Case Individuals (N = 54) | Control Individuals (N = 124)* | Neither Case Nor Control Individuals (N=119) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD)† | 60.9 (13.8) | 59.7 (14.2) | 58.0 (12.9) | 64.5 (13.9) |
| Men (N, %) | 154 (52) | 29 (54) | 71 (57) | 54 (45) |
| NYHA Class (N, %)† | ||||
| I | 52 (18) | 7 (13) | 10 (8) | 35 (29) |
| II | 150 (51) | 29 (54) | 83 (67) | 38 (32) |
| III | 61 (21) | 12 (22) | 22 (18) | 27 (23) |
| IV | 34 (11) | 6 (11) | 9 (7) | 19 (16) |
| Study Site (N, %) | ||||
| UNC | 105 (35) | 22 (41) | 48 (39) | 35 (29) |
| Northwestern University | 81 (27) | 15 (28) | 31 (25) | 35 (29) |
| UCSF | 74 (25) | 9 (17) | 33 (27) | 32 (27) |
| Olive View, UCLA | 37 (12) | 8 (15) | 12 (10) | 17 (14) |
| Socioeconomic Status, median (interquartile range)‡ | 4 (3, 6) | 4 (2, 5) | 4 (2, 6) | 5 (3, 7) |
| Inadequate Literacy (N, %) | 109 (37) | 19 (35) | 45 (36) | 45 (38) |
| Cardiovascular Disease (N, %)§ | 131 (44) | 31 (57) | 46 (37) | 54 (45) |
| Chronic Kidney Disease (N, %)§ | 128 (43) | 29 (54) | 41 (33) | 58 (49) |
| Diabetes Mellitus (N, %) | 148 (50) | 28 (52) | 60 (48) | 60 (50) |
| Hypertension (N, %) | 251 (85) | 44 (81) | 104 (84) | 103 (87) |
| Systolic Dysfunction (N, %)§ | 167 (56) | 38 (70) | 66 (53) | 63 (53) |
| ACE-Inhibitor or ARB (N, %) | 235 (79) | 43 (80) | 99 (80) | 93 (78) |
| Beta-Blocker (N, %) | 237 (80) | 45 (83) | 103 (83) | 89 (75) |
| Taught to perform diuretic self-adjustment (N, %) | 219 (74) | 39 (72) | 91 (73) | 89 (75) |
*
Excludes case individuals that contributed control time periods
†
p <0.001 comparing pooled “case and control individuals” to “neither case nor control individuals”
‡
No significant differences between groups by either t-test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test
§
p <0.05 comparing “case individuals” and “control individuals”