Figure 1.

Diagram of the putative drivers (blue, green, and gray) and modulatory (light orange) inputs to the TMN. The presumed role of the driver inputs in the distinct arousal functions of the TMN is indicated on top; in brief, inputs from the prefrontal cortex or the food-entrainable oscillator activate the TMN during appetitive behavior or circadian anticipatory activity, respectively, while input from the VLPO inhibits TMN activity and promotes sleep. The green arrow indicates excitatory input; the black arrow designates presumed excitatory input; the red T-line indicates inhibitory input; the orange arrow designates mixed input to aminergic neurons. Double-headed arrows indicate bidirectional input between the TMN and aminergic and orexin neurons.