Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to dyspnea tertile (n = 479).
| All | Tertile of dyspnea |
p for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Intermediate | High | |||
| No. of participants | 479 | 153 | 160 | 166 | – |
| Age 70–74 (%) | 42.8 | 38.6 | 40.6 | 48.8 | 0.08 |
| Age 75–79 (%) | 34.7 | 33.3 | 40.0 | 30.7 | 0.63 |
| Age 80–84 (%) | 14.6 | 16.3 | 14.4 | 13.3 | 0.48 |
| Age ≥ 85 (%) | 7.9 | 11.8 | 5.0 | 7.2 | 0.15 |
| Sex (male, %) | 36.5 | 25.5 | 35.6 | 47.6 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 (23.6–24.2) | 24.9 (24.0–25.8) | 24.5 (23.7–25.3) | 24.5 (23.7–25.3) | 0.28 |
| Hypertension (%) | 66.0 | 66.7 | 68.8 | 62.7 | 0.62 |
| HCL (%) | 45.5 | 48.4 | 45.0 | 43.4 | 0.95 |
| Diabetes (%) | 10.4 | 14.4 | 6.3 | 10.8 | 0.46 |
| MMSE ≥ 24 (%) | 93.1 | 90.9 | 95.0 | 93.4 | 0.76 |
| SMOKER | |||||
| Current smoker (%) | 9.0 | 6.5 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 0.87 |
| Ex-smoker (%) | 25.1 | 19.6 | 24.4 | 30.7 | 0.87 |
| Never-smoker (%) | 63.3 | 70.6 | 64.4 | 55.4 | 0.67 |
| DRINKING | |||||
| Current drinking (%) | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 9.0 | 0.46 |
| Ex-drinking (%) | 45.9 | 55.6 | 45.6 | 37.4 | 0.13 |
| Never-drinking (%) | 40.1 | 28.1 | 44.4 | 47.0 | 0.08 |
| SELF-REPORTED ILLNESS | |||||
| Renal (%) | 6.5 | 3.3 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 0.08 |
| CHD (%) | 9.8 | 7.2 | 13.8 | 8.4 | 0.42 |
| Stroke (%) | 5.0 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 6.0 | 0.90 |
| Liver (%) | 6.9 | 5.9 | 8.1 | 6.6 | 0.97 |
BMI, body mass index; HCL, hypercholesterolemia; MMSE, mini-Mental State Examination, CHD, coronary heart disease.
Variables are expressed as mean (95% CI) or %.