Fig. 2. Differential modulation of neuronal populations during brain control.

a. Distribution of shifts in preferred directions (ΔPD) between manual control and brain control. Each bar shows the number of neurons (i.e. ‘counts’) with a corresponding ΔPD. The labels above indicate the mean ΔPD for each population. Superimposed in gray is the bootstrap distribution. b. Distribution of changes in modulation depth ratio (MD_ratio) for BC:MC for the three neural populations. This panel is arranged similarly to a. c. Ratio of relative modulation depths. To compare multiple experiments and experimental conditions, we normalized each session to the mean MD_ratio for direct neurons. ‘Early’ and ‘Late’ represent brain control sessions respectively from days #1–2 and day ≥ 3 of training. MC₁:MC₂ is the ratio of modulation depths of the manual control sessions before and after brain control. Error bars show s.e.m.