Table 2.

Effect of co-administration of 2-PAMCl, atropine and curcumin on liver histopathological changes in rats intoxicated with DDVP.

Lesions	Control	DDVP	DDVP + 2PAMCl + atropine	DDVP + 2PAMCl + atropine + curcumin
Clumping of cytoplasm	+	+ + + +	−	+ +
Hyperactivation of Kupffer cells	−	+ +	+ +	+ +
Hepatocyte vacuolation	−	+ + + +	−	+ +
Necrosis/Apoptosis	+ /−	+ + +	+	+ +
Infiltration of inflammatory cells	−	+ + + +	−	+ +
Karyorhexis/Karyolysis	−	+ + +	−	+
Ballooning of hepatocytes	+ /−	+ +	−	+ +

N=6. – Nil; + , Minimal (<12%); + + , Mild (<22%); + + + , Moderate (<45%) and + + + + , Severe (>45%).