Table 1.
Action of DNA polymerases at various DNA lesions.
| DNA DAMAGE | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA Polymerase | 8-oxoG | Tg | 5-OHU | AP site | N2-isopropylG | N6-isopropylA | ||||||||
| Name | Gene | Family | I | E | I | E | I | E | I | E | I | E | I | E |
| α | POLA1 | B | A> C | Yes | A | No | A≫T,C,G | No | No | No | T≫A,C,G | Yes | ||
| δ | POLD1 | B | C,A | Yes | No | No | A≫T,G>C | Yes | ||||||
| ε | POLE | B | A ≫ C | Yes | No | No | ||||||||
| β | POLB | X | A,C | Yes | A,G,C,T | No | A | No | ||||||
| λ | POLL | X | C>A, G | Yes | A,G | No | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| μ | POLM | X | A | Yes | T>A | G>T,C | No | |||||||
| ζ | REV3L | B | A or C | Yes | A≫G>C,T | Yes | ||||||||
| REV1 | REV1 | Y | C | No | C>T,A,G | No | ||||||||
| η | POLH | Y | C>A,G | Yes | A>G>T,C | Yes | A,T>G,G | Yes | C≫T>A>G | Yes | T>C,A>G | Yes | ||
| ι | POLI | Y | A, G, >T | Yes | T>G>A≫C | Yes | T,G,A>C | No | C>T≫G>A | Yes | T≫A,C,G | Yes | ||
| κ | POLK | Y | A, C, or G | Yes | A>G,C,T | Yes | C,A≫G,T | Yes | ||||||
| θ | POLQ | A | Yes | Yes | A>G>T | Yes | ||||||||
| ν | POLN | A | A>G | Yes | No | No | ||||||||
| DNA DAMAGE | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA Polymerase | CycloA | 1, N6- ethanoA | 1,N2- ethenoG | 1, N2-hydroxypropanoG | Intrastrand (G-T) crosslink | N2-N2-Guanine ICL remnant | ||||||||
| Name | Gene | Family | I | E | I | E | I | E | I | E | I | E | I | E |
| α | POLA1 | B | A>T | No | ||||||||||
| δ | POLD1 | B | No | No | ||||||||||
| ε | POLE | B | A>T | Yes | ||||||||||
| β | POLB | X | No | No | ||||||||||
| λ | POLL | X | ||||||||||||
| μ | POLM | X | C≫A | No | ||||||||||
| ζ | REV3L | B | No | No | ||||||||||
| REV1 | REV1 | Y | C | No | C | No | ||||||||
| η | POLH | Y | A>T | Yes | A,T>G>C | Yes | G>A>C | Yes | A,G,T>C | Yes | A≫T,C,G/C≫T>A,G | Yes | ||
| ι | POLI | Y | C>T | No | C,T | No | ||||||||
| κ | POLK | Y | C,T | No | C | Yes | ||||||||
| θ | POLQ | A | ||||||||||||
| ν | POLN | A | ||||||||||||
DNA polymerase name, gene and family designation are indicated. Damages are defined in the text. I=Nucleotide insertion preference opposite the lesion; E=Ability to extend past lesion after nucleotide insertion; A=adenine; G=guanine; C=cytosine; T=thymine; U=uracil; AP=apurinic/apyrimidinic.