Table 7.
Scores of eating behaviour questionnaires (mean ± standard deviation) in the HSF and LSF groups before the beginning of the study (baseline) and during the weight-maintenance period (WM, the weeks refer to the time since the beginning of the weight-maintenance period).
| HSF (n = 42) | LSF (n = 40) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 0 wks WM | 12 wks WM | 24 wks WM | Baseline | 0 wks WM | 12 wks WM | 24 wks WM | P a | P b | |
| GHQ | ||||||||||
| Psychological distress | 11.2 ± 4.7 | 7.4 ± 3.7 | 9.4 ± 4.1c | 9.9 ± 4.2 | 10.9 ± 4.6c | 6.5 ± 2.5 | 8.5 ± 3.0c | 9.1 ± 4.6 | 0.24 | 0.90 |
| TFEQ | ||||||||||
| Cognitive restraint of eating | 9.7 ± 3.7 | — | 15.3 ± 3.4 | 15.5 ± 3.6 | 8.5 ± 3.2 | — | 14.9 ± 2.7 | 15.4 ± 3.0 | 0.30 | 0.38 |
| Flexible restraint of eating | 3.1 ± 1.4 | — | 5.1 ± 1.6 | 5.4 ± 1.6 | 2.6 ± 1.4 | — | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 5.2 ± 1.4 | 0.60 | 0.15 |
| Rigid restraint of eating | 3.2 ± 1.5 | — | 4.6 ± 1.6 | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | — | 4.4 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 0.45 | 0.56 |
| Disinhibition of eating | 9.2 ± 3.2 | — | 6.3 ± 3.5 | 6.3 ± 3.4 | 8.3 ± 3.1 | — | 5.4 ± 3.0 | 5.7 ± 2.9 | 0.19 | 0.78 |
| Susceptibility to hunger | 5.9 ± 2.9 | — | 2.8 ± 2.0 | 3.1 ± 2.6 | 5.8 ± 2.9 | — | 3.2 ± 2.5 | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 0.87 | 0.67 |
| DEBQ | ||||||||||
| Restraint of eating | 28.4 ± 5.3 | — | 32.4±6.4c | 34.5 ± 5.3 | 27.6 ± 6.3 | — | 32.3 ± 5.4 | 34.0 ± 3.9 | 0.57 | 0.89 |
| Emotional eating | 32.6 ± 12.1 | — | 30.2 ± 12.0c | 28.2 ± 11.6 | 31.0 ± 10.0 | — | 26.8 ± 8.4 | 26.4 ± 9.0 | 0.31 | 0.45 |
| External eating | 32.1±5.0d | — | 27.2 ± 6.5c | 27.0 ± 6.0 | 29.4 ± 4.6d | — | 28.1 ± 4.9 | 27.0 ± 4.7 | 0.55 | 0.007 |
| BES | ||||||||||
| Binge eating | 13.4 ± 6.5 | — | 8.1 ± 5.4c | 7.7 ± 5.6 | 13.2 ± 6.1 | — | 7.1 ± 5.4c | 6.5 ± 5.1 | 0.48 | 0.59 |
HSF: higher-satiety food group, LSF: lower-satiety food group, GHQ: General Health Questionnaire, TFEQ: Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, DEBQ: the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, BES: Binge Eating Scale; athe difference between the groups, bthe group versus time interaction, linear mixed-effect modelling; cHSF n = 41, LSF n = 39; dat the baseline, the difference between the groups P = 0.02, Student's t-test.