Table 1.

Description of selected ethnic foods commonly consumed in seven European countries and Israel

Cuisine type and food name	Number and source of samplesa	Description
France: North African (Maghreb); Strasbourg area
Modified ethnic foodsb
Brik pastry sheet, baked	3 samples, supermarkets and grocery stores	Pastry sheet, baked
Harissa sauce	3 samples, supermarkets and grocery stores	Spicy sauce/paste
Buttermilk	3 samples, supermarkets and grocery stores	Fluid, cultured, low fat
Frik, dry	2 samples, supermarkets and grocery stores	Roasted crushed immature hard wheat, dry
Molokhia sauce	1 sample, supermarkets and grocery stores	Sauce made with dried Tossa Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) leaves powder
Israel: Mediterranean and Ethiopian; Beer-Sheva, Tel-Aviv and Haifa
Modified ethnic foods
Falafel	12 samples, restaurants	Fried chick peas
Commercial soya patty	10 samples, supermarkets and grocery stores	Commercial vegetarian patty
Industrialised hummus	10 samples, supermarkets and grocery stores	Mashed chick peas
Authentic ethnic foodsc
Dark bread	10 samples, homemade	Common subsidize bread
Injera	10 samples, homemade	Ethiopian pita
Spain: Latin American and Asian; Barcelona
Modified ethnic foods
Spring roll	8 samples, supermarkets and restaurants	Vegetable filled roll
Rice 3 delight	11 samples, supermarkets and restaurants	Cooked rice with peas, ham, shrimp, carrots and egg
Guacamole	3 samples, supermarkets and restaurants	Avocado puree
Mexican salsa	5 samples, supermarkets and restaurants	Tomato and chilli salsa
Authentic ethnic foods
Ceviche	5 samples, homemade	Raw marinated fish or seafood in lemon juice
Denmark: Middle Eastern; Copenhagen
Modified ethnic foods
Dürüm rolls	4 samples, fast-food restaurants and takeaways	Flat bread with salad and strips of meat
Pita sandwich with kebab	4 samples, fast-food restaurants and takeaways	Pita bread with grilled kebab meat (normally lamb or beef) and salad
Sandwich with kebab	4 samples, fast-food restaurants and takeaways	Various types of bread with kebab and salad [typically lamb or beef]
Sandwich with falafel	4 samples, fast-food restaurants and takeaways	Various types of bread with falafel and salad
Kebab mix	4 samples, fast-food restaurants and takeaways	A mix of kebab, chips, salad and dressing
Italy: Asian, Latin American, Mediterranean and Romanian; Rome and Milan
Modified ethnic foods
Cantonese rice	5 samples, supermarkets and restaurants	Cooked rice with peas, vegetables, ham and egg
nachos	9 samples, supermarkets and restaurants	Fried corn tortilla chips
falafel	6 samples, supermarkets and restaurants	Broad bean and chickpea balls
kebab	10 supermarkets and restaurants	‘Rotating meat’ lamb or beef grilled
Authentic ethnic foods
Sarmale	4 samples, homemade	Cooked rolls of cabbage leaves with rice and meat
Netherlands: Surinamese; Zeist and The Hague
Authentic ethnic foods
Salted beef	3 samples, ethnic food store	Salt cured beef, boiled
Yellow split peas	1 sample, ethnic food store	Legumes, husked and split in half, boiled
Pomtayer	1 sample, ethnic food store	Roots of the tayer plant (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), prepared without fat
Tayer leaves	3 samples, market	Large green leaves of the tayer plant (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), prepared without fat
Belgium: Congolese; Brussels
Authentic ethnic foods
Biteku-teku	6 samples, ethnic food store	Amaranthus leaves
Saka-saka	11 samples, ethnic food store	Cassava leaves
Chikwangue	5 samples, ethnic food store	Fermented cassava loaf
Mbinzo worms	5 samples, ethnic food store	Small black worms
Mkayabo	7 samples, ethnic food store	Dried and salted cod
UK: South Asian; London, Leeds and Birmingham
Modified ethnic foods
Chicken bhuna	10 samples, supermarkets, restaurants and takeaway	Medium spiced curry with tomato and onion, garlic and fresh coriander
Chicken rogan josh	12 samples, supermarkets	Chicken with a chilli, tomato and onion sauce
Aloo bombay	6 samples, supermarkets	Chunks of potato in a spicy, tomato and onion sauce
Authentic ethnic foods
Rasmalai	9 samples, homemade and ethnic food stores	Milky dessert made with specialised milk powder, milk cream and cardamom
Lamb kebab	6 samples, homemade and ethnic food store	Patties made with spiced minced lamb

^aNumber of primary samples was based on the availability of a brand. EuroFIR criteria were used to collect commonly consumed foods which are important in the diet.

^bA commercially-modified version of food as prepared in an immigrant country to suit the taste and preference of host country.

^cA food from countries other than the home market contribution to a different food culture than the traditional cuisine of the host country. Food may be adapted by combining local and imported ingredients and is prepared at home.