Table 3.
Multivariate Hazard Ratios for Self-Reported Incident Mobility Limitation by Time-varying ACE inhibitor Exposure
| Variables | Age- & Sex- Adjusted HR (95%CI) |
Fully Adjusted* HR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Any ACE inhibitor use | 1.26 (1.10, 1.43) | 0.95 (0.82, 1.09) |
| Non- use | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Dose | ||
| > 2 SDD | 1.30 (0.99, 1.71) | 0.80 (0.60, 1.07) |
| 1–2 SDD | 1.34 (1.14, 1.56) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) |
| < 1 SDD | 0.93 (0.67, 1.30) | 0.73 (0.52, 1.01) |
| Non-use | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference |
| Duration | ||
| Long term use (> 2 yrs) | 1.25 (1.07, 1.45) | 0.94 (0.80, 1.11) |
| Short term use (< 2 yrs) | 1.28 (1.03, 1.60) | 0.97 (0.77, 1.21) |
| Non-use | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
*
Model adjusted for baseline sociodemographics (race, age, gender, education, living status), health behaviors (smoking, alcohol), and health status (hypertension, pulmonary disease, peripheral arterial disease, urinary problems, vision problems, fair/poor self-related health, body mass index, use of diuretics, digoxin, CNS medications, statins and total number of medications). Models included time-varying ACE-inhibitor use, stroke, MI, heart failure, diabetes, depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment.
SDD=standardized daily dose