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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jul 5.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009 Aug;18(8):1047–1060. doi: 10.1517/13543780903018880

Figure 1. In in vitro studies in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells following 1-h incubations, increasing LPS doses produced graded increases (p = 0.01) in NF-κB (Panel A) and increasing doses of parthenolide with LPS stimulation produced graded reductions (p < 0.0001) in NF-κB (Panel B).

Figure 1

In incubation studies performed from 0.25 – 9 h, LPS increased NF-κB up to 1 h (p < 0.0001) and these increases were inhibited with parthenolide (p = 0.002) (Panel C). For these studies, nuclear protein was extracted from cell pellets, the protein concentration determined and NF-κB DNA binding activity assays were performed using a Trans-AM ELISA-based kit from Active Motif (Carlsbad, CA). This assay employed an oligonucleotide containing the NF-κB p65 consensus binding site and an antibody specific for p65, to isolate and detect this subunit respectively [13].