Figure 5. .

Posttreatment with metformin triggers phosphorylation of AMPK (A, B) and suppresses p-65 phosphorylation (C, D) in ocular tissues of LPS-induced EIU. Serial sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed rat eyes enucleated 3 hours after EIU induction were immunostained with antibodies against phospho-AMPK (A, B) and phospho-p65 (C, D). Nuclei were stained with DAPI and pictures were taken by Nikon epifluorescence microscope. Representative images are shown (n = 4). Arrows indicate phosphorylated AMPK (A, B) and phospho-p65 (C, D) in ciliary body (A, C), as well as retinal tissues (B, D). C, control; Met, metformin; EIU, endotoxin-induced uveitis; EIU + Met, endotoxin-induced uveitis + metformin; IMNC, isotype-matched negative control. Magnification ×200.