Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of older adults without prevalent heart failure by isolated diastolic hypotension (IDH)* before and after propensity score matching
| n (%) or mean (±SD) | Before matching | P value | After matching | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No IDH (n=4625) |
IDH (n=751) |
No IDH n=2348) |
IDH (n=545) |
|||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age ≥75 years | 1458 (32%) | 337 (45%) | <0.001 | 890 (38%) | 221 (41%) | 0.253 |
| Female | 2609 (56%) | 486 (65%) | <0.001 | 1452 (62%) | 338 (62%) | 0.938 |
| Non-white | 798 (17%) | 60 (8%) | <0.001 | 237 (10%) | 48 (9%) | 0.364 |
| Education college or higher | 1992 (43%) | 320 (43%) | 0.813 | 1026 (44%) | 238 (434%) | 0.991 |
| Past Medical History | ||||||
| Coronary artery disease | 757 (16%) | 181 (24%) | <0.001 | 441 (19%) | 113 (21%) | 0.297 |
| Hypertension | 2870 (62%) | 321 (43%) | <0.001 | 1169 (50%) | 252 (46%) | 0.135 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 717 (16%) | 134 (18%) | 0.103 | 374 (16%) | 92 (17%) | 0.586 |
| Stroke | 180 (4%) | 31 (4%) | 0.757 | 91 (4%) | 24 (4%) | 0.570 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 568 (12%) | 116 (15%) | 0.016 | 459 (18%) | 86 (24%) | 0.007 |
| Loss of balance | 1041 (23%) | 200 (27%) | 0.013 | 574 (24%) | 145 (27%) | 0.293 |
| Dizzy or light headed on standing up | 939 (20%) | 153 (20%) | 0.965 | 480 (20%) | 110 (20%) | 0.892 |
| Frequent falls | 147 (3%) | 28 (4%) | 0.431 | 79 (3%) | 20 (4%) | 0.724 |
| Self-reported fair to poor general health | 1089 (24%) | 178 (24%) | 0.926 | 509 (22%) | 126 (23%) | 0.464 |
| Current smoker | 537 (12%) | 110 (15%) | 0.018 | 313 (13%) | 70 (13%) | 0.763 |
| Alcohol, units per week | 2.7 (±6.7) | 1.6 (±4.2) | <0.001 | 1.8 (±4.5) | 1.9 (±4.6) | 0.633 |
| Physical Examination | ||||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.7 (±4.1) | 25.9 (±3.9) | <0.001 | 26.3 (±4.0) | 26.2 (±3.8) | 0.582 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 68 (±11) | 66 (±11) | <0.001 | 67 (±10) | 67 (±11) | 0.672 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 139 (±21) | 126 (±18) | <0.001 | 131 (±17) | 130 (±18) | 0.028 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg† | 74 (±9) | 53 (±5) | <0.001 | 71 (±8) | 54 (±5) | <0.001 |
| Pulse pressure, mm Hg† | 66 (±11) | 73 (±11) | <0.001 | 60 (±16) | 76 (±20) | <0.001 |
| Mini-mental state examination | 27.6 (±2.7) | 27.3 (±2.9) | 0.008 | 27.6 (±2.8) | 27.4 (±2.6) | 0.423 |
| Depression score | 4.6 (±4.5) | 4.9 (±4.8) | 0.036 | 4.6 (±4.6) | 4.7 (±4.7) | 0.624 |
| Cardiopulmonary Testing | ||||||
| Atrial fibrillation by electrocardiogram | 99 (2%) | 11 (2%) | 0.225 | 39 (2%) | 11 (32%) | 0.564 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram | 200 (4%) | 35 (5%) | 0.676 | 100 (4%) | 24 (54%) | 0.881 |
| Borderline or abnormal left ventricular systolic function | 336 (7%) | 66 (9%) | 0.141 | 184 (8%) | 44 (8%) | 0.853 |
| Medications | ||||||
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 319 (7%) | 28 (4%) | 0.001 | 131 (6%) | 21 (4%) | 0.104 |
| Beta-blockers | 593 (13%) | 96 (13%) | 0.977 | 324 (14%) | 63 (12%) | 0.166 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 568 (12%) | 106 (14%) | 0.159 | 291 (12%) | 62 (11%) | 0.513 |
| Diuretics | 1263 (27%) | 208 (28%) | 0.825 | 637 (27%) | 150 (28%) | 0.852 |
| Any antihypertensive drug | 2133 (46%) | 331 (44%) | 0.297 | 1055 (45%) | 235 (43%) | 0.443 |
| Laboratory Values | ||||||
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.96 (±0.38) | 0.94 (±0.33) | 0.106 | 0.94 (±0.36) | 0.94 (±0.34) | 0.922 |
| Serum uric acid, mg/dL | 5.67 (±1.51) | 5.57 (±1.49) | 0.090 | 5.61 (±1.50) | 5.60 (±1.50) | 0.850 |
| Serum glucose, mg/dL | 111 (±36) | 112 (±38) | 0.658 | 110 (±37) | 111 (±35) | 0.766 |
| Serum insulin, mcU/mL | 17 (±24) | 16 (±24) | 0.606 | 16 (±23) | 17 (±27) | 0.593 |
| Serum potassium, mEq/L | 4.16 (±0.38) | 4.19 (±0.38) | 0.020 | 4.17 (±0.37) | 4.17 (±0.38) | 0.994 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 212 (±39) | 209 (±40) | 0.057 | 212 (±38) | 211 (±40) | 0.424 |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 4.00 (±0.28) | 3.98 (±0.31) | 0.059 | 3.99 (±0.28) | 3.98 (±0.32) | 0.200 |
| Serum C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 4.6 (±7.7) | 5.0 (±9.7) | 0.217 | 4.6 (±7.4) | 4.5 (±8.6) | 0.767 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.1 (±1.3) | 13.7 (±1.3) | <0.001 | 13.9 (±1.3) | 13.8 (±1.3) | 0.357 |
*
Defined as an average diastolic blood pressure <60 mm Hg and systolic blood pressure ≥100 mm Hg
†
Diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure are related to the exposure variable, IDH, and are expected to be imbalanced and are presented as baseline descriptive purposes only