Table 2.

Intracellular parasite-derived proteases that degrade human ECM proteins.

Parasite	Protease	Purified	Gene	Type	ECM substrates				Localization	Reference
					Collagen	Fibronectin	Laminin	Elastin
Trypanosoma cruzi	GP63 or penetrin	Yes	Yes	ND	ND	Yes	Yes	ND	Cell surface	[145, 146]
	Cruzipain	Yes	Yes	CP	Yes	ND	ND	ND	Reservosome, cell surface, and secreted	[147–149]
	Cathepsin B-like protease	Yes	Yes	CP	I	ND	ND	ND	Lysosome	[150, 151]
	MMP-9 -like proteases (116.1 to 101.3 kDa)	Yes	ND	CP	IV, V, XI, XIV	ND	Yes	Yes	Secreted cell surface	[152, 153]
	POP Tc80	Yes	No	CP	I, IV	Yes	ND	ND	Secreted	[154, 155]
Leishmania	GP63 or leishmanolysin	Yes	Yes	MMP	IV	Yes	No	ND	Cell surface and secreted	[156, 157]