. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2012 Jan 9;23(5):489–496. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2011.02248.x

TABLE 1.

Baseline Characteristics

Clinical Characteristic	Cases (n = 20)	Controls (n = 22)	P-Value
Age (years)	57 ± 10	57 ± 11	1.0
Male	15 (75%)	17 (77%)	1.0
Hypertension	10 (50%)	8 (36%)	0.53
Structural heart disease	5 (25%)	8 (36%)	0.51
Persistent AF	11 (55%)	16 (73%)	0.33
Uninterrupted persistent AF (months)	18 ± 13 (n = 9)	31 ± 23 (n = 14)	0.14
Antiarrhythmic drugs	2 ± 0.9	1.7 ± 0.7	0.23
Amiodarone usage	12 (60%)	12 (55%)	0.57
LVEDD (mm)	54 ± 8	55 ± 9	0.71
LVESD (mm)	36 ± 8	36 ± 7	1.0
LVEF(%)	59 ± 13	55 ± 16	0.38
LA diameter (mm)	43 ± 7	47 ± 9	0.12

AF = atrial fibrillation; EDD = end diastolic dimension; EF = ejection fraction; ESD = end systolic dimension; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricular.