Table 1.
Categorized risk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension
| Diminished abdominal wall compliance |
| • Mechanical ventilation |
| • Abdominal surgery with primary fascial or tight closure |
| • Major trauma |
| • Major burns |
| • Prone positioning |
| • Head of bed > 30 degrees |
| • Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 or morbid obesity |
| Increased intra-luminal contents |
| • Gastroparesis (gastric dilation or gastric residual > 500 mL). |
| • Ileus, paralytic or mechanical (abdominal distention or absence of bowel sounds) |
| • Colonic pseudo-obstruction |
| Increased abdominal contents |
| • Hemoperitoneum or pneumoperitoneum |
| • Ascites secondary to liver dysfunction |
| • Ascites secondary to liver dysfunction |
| • Other intra-abdominal injuries (peritonitis, abscess) |
| Capillary leak syndrome or fluid resuscitation |
| • Acidosis (arterial pH < 7.2) |
| • Hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or mean arterial pressure < 70 mmHg or a systolic blood pressure decrease > 40 mmHg or > 2 standard deviation below normal for age in the absence of other causes of hypotension) |
| • Hypothermia (core temperature < 33°C). |
| • Multiple transfusions (> 10 units of blood) |
| • Coagulopathy (platelets < 55,000/mm3 or prothrombin time < 15 s or partial thromboplastin time > 2 times normal or international standardized ratio > 1.5) |
| • Massive fluid resuscitation (> 5 L of colloid or crystalloid) |
| • Acute pancreatitis |
| • Oliguria (urine output < 500 mL). |
| • Sepsis (American-European Consensus Conference definitions) |
| • Major trauma |
| • Major burns |
| • Damage control laparotomy |