Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Variable | Survivors (n = 58) | Nonsurvivors (n = 65) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.2 ± 14.2 | 65.3 ± 15.2 | 0.436 |
| Male sex (%) | 66 | 67 | 0.798 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 ± 6.6 | 24.6 ± 4.0 | 0.053 |
| Primary reason for MV (%) | 0.937 | ||
| Sepsis/septic shock | 24.1 | 24.7 | |
| Pneumonia | 15.5 | 16.9 | |
| ARDS | 13.7 | 10.8 | |
| Postoperative/trauma | 5.4 | 6.1 | |
| Acute COPD exacerbation | 6.9 | 7.7 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 6.9 | 6.2 | |
| Cardiac arrest | 5.2 | 6.2 | |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 8.6 | 7.6 | |
| Other | 13.7 | 13.8 | |
| Medical ICU (%) | 40.7 | 48.0 | 0.562 |
| ICU stay (day) | 31.8 ± 18.1 | 11.0 ± 6.4 | <0.001 |
| Severity of disease | |||
| SAPS II | 49.5 ± 15.6 | 53.9 ± 18.1 | 0.157 |
| APACHE II | 22.1 ± 8.5 | 23.0 ± 10.7 | 0.617 |
| SOFA score at admission | 10.3 ± 4.3 | 10.4 ± 4.5 | 0.844 |
| Acute lung injury (%) | 0.836 | ||
| Primary | 27.5 | 30.7 | |
| Secondary | 25.8 | 21.5 | |
| Organ function assessment | |||
| Number of organs failing | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 0.605 |
| Hemodynamic variables | |||
| HR (bpm) | 96.7 ± 20.4 | 98.6 ± 18.8 | 0.661 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 84.2 ± 13.4 | 78.7 ± 10.4 | 0.011 |
| Met shock criteria (%) | 69.0 | 69.2 | 0.975 |
| Vasopressor use (%) | 69.0 | 67.8 | 0.880 |
| CI (L/min/m2) | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | 0.255 |
| SVV (%) | 11.8 ± 7.1 | 14.4 ± 6.9 | 0.236 |
| GEF (%) | 21.2 ± 8.1 | 15.1 ± 7.7 | 0.015 |
| GEDVI (mL/m2) | 766.2 ± 165.0 | 725.6 ± 174.5 | 0.42 |
| EVLWI (mL/kg) | 9.8 ± 3.9 | 10.5 ± 5.2 | 0.543 |
| PVPI | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 0.869 |
| Respiratory variables | |||
| Tidal volume (mL/kg of PBW) | 8.2 ± 1.7 | 8.3 ± 1.7 | 0.709 |
| Plateau pressure (cmH2O) | 23.8 ± 6.5 | 24.1 ± 8.2 | 0.792 |
| PEEP (cmH2O) | 7.0 ± 2.2 | 6.2 ± 2.3 | 0.075 |
| Dynamic compliance (mL/cmH2O) | 40.9 ± 15.6 | 39.0 ± 22.6 | 0.635 |
| PaO2/FIO2 | 263.4 ± 135.1 | 271.7 ± 154.9 | 0.755 |
| Renal and metabolic variables | |||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 2.5 ± 2.9 | 0.095 |
| Urine output (mL/day) | 1,524.6 ± 1,342.7 | 1,428.5 ± 1,236.6 | 0.683 |
| Albumin (mg/dL) | 25.0 ± 7.5 | 27.0 ± 8.7 | 0.194 |
| pH | 7.35 ± 0.11 | 7.32 ± 0.12 | 0.205 |
| Immune system | |||
| CRP (mg/dL) | 10.6 ± 9.8 | 13.8 ± 12.4 | 0.127 |
| Central nervous system | |||
| Glasgow Coma Score | 8.1 ± 5.1 | 8.2 ± 5.2 | 0.905 |
| Capillary leak index | 52.7 ± 56.2 | 61.8 ± 61.3 | 0.411 |
| Intra-abdominal pressure (mmHg) | 8.2 ± 3.5 | 7.9 ± 3.7 | 0.722 |
| Abdominal perfusion pressure (mmHg) | 75.4 ± 13.9 | 70.4 ± 11.3 | 0.071 |
| Fluid balance (mL/day) | 1,755.9 ± 4,616.0 | 2,133.8 ± 3,525.1 | 0.612 |
BMI, body mass index; MV, mechanical ventilation; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SAPS, simplified acute physiology score; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; HR, heart rate; CI, cardiac index; SVV, stroke volume variation; GEF, global ejection fraction; GEDVI, global end-diastolic volume index; EVLWI, extravascular lung water index; PVPI, pulmonary vascular permeability index; PBW, predicted body weight; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein.