. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jul 5.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Dec 19;64(2):207–216. doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0427-9

Table 3.

Observed and predicted total UPDRS change

Effect of levodopa on disease progression	Scenario	Placebo difference from baseline at 42 weeks^a	Levodopa treatment difference from placebo at 42 weeks^a

			Low	Medium	High
	Observed ELLDOPA^b	7.8±1.1	5.9±0.7	5.9±0.8	9.2±0.9
Protective	Predicted effect site Concentration Washout^c	9.9±1.0	3.8±1.4	5.9±1.3	8.4±1.3
Toxic	Predicted effect site Concentration Washout^c	10.0±1.0	1.0±1.3	0.4±1.5	−1.4±1.5^d

Predictions assume levodopa has symptomatic and protective actions with slow symptomatic washout. From [4]

Difference between 0 and 42 weeks

Mean ± SE calculated from treatment mean difference from placebo and placebo SD and number of patients in active dose arms

Bootstrap mean ± SD of 100 simulated trial replications. The SD is equivalent to the SE for placebo change from baseline

Negative value represents an increase in total UPDRS