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. 2012 May 28;3:180. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00180

Table 1.

Biogenic amine content in dairy products (mg/kg).

Source Type Cad His Phe Put Tyr Spn Spd Reference
Milk Raw Cow nd nd nd nd nd 0.18 nd Novella-Rodríguez et al. (2000)
0.3 Bodmer et al. (1999)
Ewe nd nd Pinho et al. (2004)
Pasteurized Cow 0.7 Bodmer et al. (1999)
Yogurt 13 Bodmer et al. (1999)
0.27 nd nd nd nd 0.43 0.34 Novella-Rodríguez et al. (2000)
Cheese (raw milk) Sheep 123.07 50 107.69 125 115.38 369.23 Mercogliano et al. (2010)
Sheep 26.8 0 28.6 394.1 499.6 96.4 Schirone et al. (2011)
Goat 349.72 15.6 9.39 217.84 216.28 nd nd Pinho et al. (2004)
Goat 88.7 88.4 11.7 191.8 830.5 Novella-Rodríguez et al. (2002)
Goat 94 117 160 941 258 70.5 23.5 Galgano et al. (2001)
Cow nd nd nd nd nd nd nd Fernández et al. (2007b)
Cow nd nd nd nd nd nd nd Fernández et al. (2007b)
Parmigiano Cow 3.2 10.9 1.8 6.4 4.4 Mayer et al. (2010)
Parmigiano Cow 15.56 28.55 9.51 75.87 29.89 7.71 4.46 Innocente and D’Agostin (2002)
Extra hard grana Cow 249 18 Mayer et al. (2010)
Cheese (pasteurized milk) Feta Goat 82.8 84.6 4.94 193 246 nd nd Valsamaki et al. (2000)
Emmental Hard Cow 98.3 23.5 38 52.2 16.8 Mayer et al. (2010)
Cheddar Cow nd 25.4 4.8 8.5 18.2 Mayer et al. (2010)
Semi hard Cow nd 24.3 5.0 17.3 Mayer et al. (2010)
Gouda Cow nd 2.43 0.5 1.73 Mayer et al. (2010)
Edam Cow nd 3.2 Mayer et al. (2010)
Gorgonzola Cow nd 23.7 Mayer et al. (2010)
Gorgonzola Cow 33.7 255.3 3.2 13.2 10.8 17.2 Mayer et al. (2010)
Smear Cow 748.2 168.3 31.3 247.6 18.5 16.6 Mayer et al. (2010)
Semiripenned Cow 33.49 24.38 25.75 22.6 32.92 24.35 23.4 Latorre-Moratalla et al. (2009)
Cow nd 65.42 175.39 80.9 Fernández et al. (2007b)
Goat nd 27.68 18.12 30.48 Fernández et al. (2007b)
Sheep nd nd nd 301.6 Fernández et al. (2007b)
Pecorino Abruzzese Sheep 80 90 300 200 280 nd 20 Martuscelli et al. (2005)
Cheese (blue) Roquefort 8.9 9.9 7.7 18.3 4.6 18.1 Mayer et al. (2010)
nd 50 nd 25 2000 nd 18 Rabie et al. (2011)
2101.4 376.6 39.7 257.2 1585.4 Novella-Rodríguez et al. (2003)
Mixture 756.78 1041.81 875.8 1051.98 Fernández et al. (2007b)
489.4 127.2 237.56 526.63 Fernández et al. (2007b)
Kefir 1.8 4.0 nd 12.1 12.8 nd 4.5 Özdestan and Üren (2010)
2.2 1.6 nd 1.4 9.8 nd 1.5 Özdestan and Üren (2010)

Cad, cadaverine; His, histamine; Phe, 2-phenilethylamine; Put, putrescine; Tyr, tyramine; Spn, spermine; Spd, spermidine; nd, undetected; –, not determined.

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