Nonsynonymous coding region variants are found in all domains of DNA pol β. A, pol β contains four subdomains: 8 kDa (red), thumb (green), palm (blue), and fingers (purple). A 1-bp gapped DNA substrate is indicated in gray (Protein Data Bank code 1bpy (52)). B, all nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions identified in this study are indicated as orange spheres.