Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants Included and Excluded From Analyses1, Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, Memphis, TN and Pittsburgh, PA; 1997-.
| Included Participants, by Cigarette Smoking Status | All Health ABC Participants | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Continuing Smokers (n=75)1 | Quitters (n=27) | Former Smokers (n=635) | Never Smokers (n=704) | Included (n=1441) | Excluded (n=1634)2 | |
| Age, years | 72.8 (2.8) | 74.6 (3.3) | 73.5 (2.8) | 73.5 (2.8) | 73.5 (2.8) | 73.8 (2.9) |
| Females (%) | 39 (52%) | 10 (37%) | 229 (36%) | 451 (64%) | 731 (51%) | 853 (52%) |
| Blacks (%) | 47 (63%) | 13 (48%) | 203 (32%) | 240 (34%) | 505 (35%) | 776 (48%) |
| Memphis, TN site (%)3 | 30 (40%) | 11 (41%) | 278 (44%) | 332 (47%) | 652 (45%) | 896 (55%) |
| Former Smokers (%) | 640 (44%) | 764 (47%) | ||||
| Current Smokers (%) | 97 (7%) | 221 (14%) | ||||
| Packyears | 44.7 (29.0) | 38.9 (34.5) | 28.3 (26.7) | -- | 30.3 (27.7) | 38.6 (31.4) |
| Dietary Intake | ||||||
| Vitamin C, mg/day | 133 (87) | 149 (96) | 143 (72) | 150 (77) | 146 (76) | 145 (80) |
| Vitamin E, α-TE/day | 11.0 (6.0) | 10.8 (6.1) | 11.2 (7.2) | 11.1 (6.8) | 11.1 (6.9) | 11.0 (6.9) |
| β-carotene, μg/day | 3338 (2579) | 2796 (2294) | 3157 (2483) | 3631 (2560) | 3392 (2532) | 3610 (3163) |
| Fruits, servings/day | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.7 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.1) | 2.2 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.2) |
| Vegetables, servings/day | 2.8 (2.0) | 3.1 (3.0) | 3.0 (1.9) | 3.1 (1.9) | 3.0 (1.9) | 2.9 (1.9) |
| FEV1 at baseline, ml4 | 2107 (48) | 2198 (80) | 2323 (17) | 2358 (16) | 2297 (13) | 2011 (13) |
| Annual rate of decline, ml/yr5 | 44.3 (5.7) | 31.7 (9.4) | 50.9 (2.0) | 49.4 (1.9) | 49.5 (1.3) | 43.8 (2.7) |
Abbreviations: α-Tocopherol Equivalents (α-TE); Forced Expiratory Volume in the 1 second of effort (FEV1); Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Unless otherwise indicated, mean (SD) is reported.
Number of participants excluded by reason for exclusion (categories not mutually exclusive): prevalent COPD, spirometry-defined (n=357), prevalent COPD, physician-diagnosed (n=228), prevalent asthma, physician-diagnosed (n=140), unacceptable quality on baseline spirometry (n=160), missing baseline spirometry (n=212), unacceptable quality on follow-up spirometry (n=129), missing follow-up spirometry (n=978).
vs. Pittsburgh, PA site
Calculated on those with an acceptable FEV1 at study baseline; adjusted for age, gender, and race.
Calculated only on those with an acceptable FEV1 at both baseline and after 4 years of follow-up. Among excluded participants, this calculation is only possible on 354 participants. Values adjusted for age, gender, and race.