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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jul 6.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2011;34:601–628. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153200

Figure 1.

Figure 1

GABAergic signaling during the awake state (a) and during propofol administration (b). (a) A cortical interneuron during wakefulness mediating control of pyramidal neurons and being modulated by ascending arousal centers. Also shown are inhibitory projections from the POA to the arousal-promoting nuclei. (b) Propofol enhances GABAergic transmission in the cortex and at the inhibitory projections from the POA to the arousal centers. Abbreviations: 5HT, serotonin; ACh, acetylcholine; DA, dopamine; DR, dorsal raphe; GABA, gamma aminobutyric acid; Gal, galanin; His, histamine; LC, locus coeruleus; LDT, laterodorsal tegmental area; LH, lateral hypothalamus; NE, norepinephrine; POA, preoptic area; PPT, pedunculopontine tegmental area; TMN, tuberomamillary nucleus; vPAG, ventral periaquaductal gray.