Fig. 5.

Cross-sections of simulated bundle ground states for fixed filament number and increasing twist (Bottom) shown increasing topological charge, excess fivefold defects. For increasing filament number (bundle size) and fixed twist (Left), Q remains fixed while total disclination number grows (excess 5–7 pairs). The phase diagrams show the net topological charge and total disclination number of simulated packings plotted in terms of reduced twist, ΩR, and bundle size R/d.