Table 2. Prevalence of TB symptoms and radiographic abnormalities in study participants, suspects, and cases of pulmonary TB in the prevalence survey.
| All Participants | Suspects§ | Cases | HIV-infected | Smear+ | ||||
| Presence of | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n(%)¶ ** | n(%)¶ |
| 20,566 | 7,342 | 123 | 52/101 (51) | 51 (41) | ||||
| Cough | ||||||||
| ≥2 weeks | 2,264 | (11) | 2,264 | (31) | 64 | (52) | 36/56 (64) | 37 (58) |
| 8–13 days | 317 | (2) | 317 | (4) | 4 | (3) | 2/3 (67) | 2 (50) |
| 1–7 days | 5,973 | (29) | 1,913 | (26) | 26 | (21) | 11/20 (55) | 9 (35) |
| None reported | 12,006 | (58) | 2,846 | (39) | 29 | (24) | 3/22 (14) | 3 (10) |
| Missing | 6 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 0 | (0) | ||
| Productive Cough | ||||||||
| Yes | 6,615 | (32) | 3,788 | (52) | 84 | (68) | 42/70 (60) | 45 (54) |
| No | 13,937 | (68) | 3,558 | (48) | 39 | (32) | 10/31 (32) | 6 (15) |
| Missing | 14 | (0) | 6 | (0) | 0 | (0) | ||
| Haemoptysis | ||||||||
| Yes | 663 | (3) | 663 | (9) | 9 | (7) | 8/9 (89) | 8 (89) |
| No | 19,897 | (97) | 6,677 | (91) | 114 | (93) | 44/92 (48) | 43 (38) |
| Missing | 6 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 0 | (0) | ||
| Fever | ||||||||
| >1 week | 984 | (5) | 873 | (12) | 21 | (17) | 12/15 (80) | 12 (57) |
| ≤1 week (7 days) | 5,336 | (26) | 2,181 | (30) | 42 | (34) | 20/34 (59) | 17 (40) |
| None reported | 14,132 | (69) | 4,224 | (58) | 60 | (49) | 20/52 (38) | 22 (37) |
| DNK (whether had fever or not) | 106 | (1) | 61 | (1) | 0 | (0) | ||
| Missing | 8 | (0) | 3 | (0) | 0 | (0) | ||
| Night sweats | ||||||||
| >1 week | 1,369 | (7) | 1,082 | (15) | 25 | (20) | 14/21 (67) | 14 (56) |
| ≤1 week (7 days) | 5,315 | (26) | 2,167 | (30) | 42 | (34) | 28/37 (76) | 17 (40) |
| None reported | 13,766 | (67) | 4,031 | (55) | 56 | (46) | 10/43 (23) | 20 (36) |
| DNK (whether had night sweats or not) | 108 | (1) | 59 | (1) | 0 | (0) | ||
| Missing | 8 | (0) | 3 | (0) | 0 | (0) | ||
| Weight loss; with change of fit of clothes | ||||||||
| Yes; Yes | 4,016 | (20) | 2,099 | (29) | 68 | (55) | 34/53 (64) | 34 (50) |
| Yes; No or DNK change of fit | 1,578 | (8) | 643 | (9) | 9 | (7) | 3/7 (43) | 3 (33) |
| No weight loss | 14,296 | (70) | 4,324 | (59) | 42 | (34) | 12/37 (32) | 13 (31) |
| DNK (whether had weight loss or not) | 670 | (3) | 274 | (4) | 4 | (3) | 3/4 (75) | 1 (25) |
| Missing | 6 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 0 | (0) | ||
| Any symptom of any duration/severity*‡ | ||||||||
| Yes | 13,989 | (68) | 6,017 | (82) | 111 | (90) | 50/90 (56) | 49 (44) |
| No | 6,577 | (32) | 1,325 | (18) | 12 | (10) | 2/11 (18) | 2 (17) |
| Study symptom screening algorithm† ‡ | ||||||||
| Yes | 3,490 | (17) | 3,481 | (47) | 75 | (61) | 40/62 (65) | 40 (53) |
| No | 17,076 | (83) | 3,861 | (53) | 48 | (39) | 12/39 (31) | 11 (23) |
| CXR reading by clinical officer | ||||||||
| Any abnormality - of which | 5,342 | (26) | 5,342 | (73) | 113 | (92) | 47/95 (49) | 47 (42) |
| Pulmonary abnormality and/or pleural effusion | 4,801 | (23) | 4,801 | (65) | 111 | (90) | 47/93 (51) | 46 (41) |
| Other abnormality only | 541 | (3) | 541 | (7) | 2 | (2) | 0/2 (0) | 1 (50) |
| Normal | 13,874 | (67) | 1,833 | (25) | 7 | (6) | 4/4 (100) | 1 (14) |
| No CXR made | 1,350 | (7) | 167 | (2) | 3 | (2) | 1/2 (50) | 3 (100) |
| Study screening methods‡ | ||||||||
| symptom screen positive; CXR abnormal | 1,490 | (7) | 1,490 | (20) | 65 | (53) | 35/56 (63) | 36 (55) |
| symptom screen positive; CXR normal | 1,833 | (9) | 1,833 | (25) | 7 | (6) | 4/4 (100) | 1 (14) |
| symptom screen positive; CXR missing | 167 | (1) | 167 | (2) | 3 | (2) | 1/2 (50) | 3 (100) |
| symptom screen negative; CXR abnormal | 3,852 | (19) | 3,852 | (52) | 48 | (39) | 12/39 (31) | 11 (23) |
| symptom screen negative; CXR normal | 12,041 | (59) | 0 | 0 | ||||
| symptom screen negative; CXR missing | 1,183 | (6) | 0 | 0 | ||||
TB = pulmonary tuberculosis; CXR = chest radiograph DNK = does not know Smear+ = sputum smear positive
the presence of cough for more than 7 days, and/or two out of three of fever (present for >7 days), night sweats (present for >7 days).
A suspect is a survey participant with either a CXR abnormality (any abnormality) reported during field reading by clinical officers and/or symptoms suggestive of TB and/or a positive sputum smear microscopy result.
Row percentage. All other percentages are column percentage. *including weight loss regardless of change in fit of cloths.
The number and % with HIV-positive status out of the number with a known HIV status.
In symptom-combinations a missing value or 'DNK' for symptom questions are considered negative.