Table 1.
Non-Hispanic whites | Mexican Americans | Ethnicity (P) | Sex (P) | Ethnicity × sex interaction (P) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | Men | Women | ||||
n | 242 | 268 | 425 | 605 | |||
Age* | 44.1 ± 0.7 | 43.5 ± 0.7 | 42.6 ± 0.5 | 43.7 ± 0.4 | 0.367 | 0.360 | 0.145 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 ± 0.3 | 25.5 ± 0.3 | 28.2 ± 0.2 | 28.7 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 | 0.637 | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 96.0 ± 0.8 | 81.5 ± 0.8 | 94.9 ± 0.6 | 87.2 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Family history of diabetes (%) | 14.4 (10.5–19.5) | 20.1 (15.7–25.3) | 35.1 (30.7–39.7) | 42.2 (38.3–46.9) | < 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.724 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 4.82 ± 0.04 | 4.63 ± 0.03 | 4.87 ± 0.03 | 4.72 ± 0.02 | 0.024 | < 0.001 | 0.516 |
1-h glucose (mmol/l) | 7.55 ± 0.14 | 6.72 ± 0.13 | 7.90 ± 0.10 | 7.23 ± 0.09 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.501 |
2-h glucose (mmol/l) | 5.21 ± 0.11 | 5.59 ± 0.10 | 5.69 ± 0.08 | 6.25 ± 0.07 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.349 |
Fasting insulin (mU/l)† | 9.22 ± 0.52 | 6.94 ± 0.37 | 10.83 ± 0.46 | 10.32 ± 0.46 | < 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.011 |
1-h insulin (mU/l)† | 81.0 ± 3.7 | 64.5 ± 2.8 | 104.8 ± 3.6 | 90.5 ± 2.6 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.291 |
2-h insulin (mU/l)† | 39.6 ± 2.5 | 47.9 ± 3.0 | 60.9 ± 2.5 | 79.8 ± 3.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.432 |
HOMA IR† | 1.96 ± 0.12 | 1.42 ± 0.08 | 2.33 ± 0.10 | 2.15 ± 0.08 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.011 |
Matsuda index† | 4.08 ± 0.20 | 5.31 ± 0.25 | 3.16 ± 0.12 | 3.43 ± 0.11 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.028 |
ΔI0–30/ΔG0–30† | 1.13 ± 0.06 | 1.30 ± 0.07 | 1.42 ± 0.06 | 1.71 ± 0.06 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.628 |
I/GAUC 60–120† | 0.58 ± 0.02 | 0.56 ± 0.02 | 0.75 ± 0.02 | 0.76 ± 0.02 | < 0.001 | 0.924 | 0.440 |
S1PhOGTT† | 1241 ± 45 | 1170 ± 40 | 1451 ± 39 | 1543 ± 35 | < 0.001 | 0.456 | 0.046 |
S2PhOGTT† | 331 ± 10 | 307 ± 9 | 385 ± 9 | 397 ± 8 | < 0.001 | 0.777 | 0.042 |
Data are n, mean ± standard error or rates ± 95% confidence intervals.
Non-adjusted values;
Back-transformed from log transformation.
HOMA IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; I0–30/G0–30, insulinogenic index from 0 to 30 min; I/GAUC 60–120, ratio of area under the insulin curve to area under the glucose curve from 60 to 120 min; S1PhOGTT and S2PhOGTT, Stumvoll’s first phase and second phase insulin release, respectively.