Table 2.
Physical appearance and self-reported information of men from the Copenhagen area, Denmark
| Study population |
|||||
| General population 1996–2010, total (N=4867) |
Fertile 1996–1998 (N=349) |
Infertile couples 1939–1943 (N=839) | |||
| Mean (SD) | Median (5–95) | Mean (SD) | Median (5–95) | ||
| Physical appearance | |||||
| Age (years)* | 19.4 (1.2) | 19.0 (18.4–21.7) | 31.5 (4.3) | 30.8 (25.4–40.2) | 73% 25–35 years |
| Height (m) | 1.81 (0.06) | 1.81 (1.71–1.92) | 1.83 (6.2) | 1.84 (1.73–1.94) | – |
| Weight (kg) | 75.1 (11.5) | 73.5 (59.4–96.4) | 83.0 (11.2) | 82.0 (67.6–102.2) | – |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 (3.1) | 22.4 (18.7–28.8) | 24.6 (2.9) | 24.3 (20.6–29.5) | 6.6% ‘moderate obese’ |
| Testis size (ml)† | 20 (5) | 20 (13–28) | 23 (4) | 24 (15–30) | – |
| Testis size (ml), US | 15 (4) | 14 (9–22) | – | – | – |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| Cigarettes daily, all men | 4.1 (6.7) | 0.0 (0.0–20.0) | 4.5 (8.3) | 0.0 (0.0–20) | – |
| Cigarettes daily, smokers only | 9.9 (7.1) | 10.0 (1.0–20.0) | 14.0 (8.9) | 15.0 (0.5–30) | – |
| Alcohol consumption (units)‡ | 14 (14) | 11 (0–40) | 10 (9) | 8 (0–30) | – |
| Ejaculation abstinence (h) | 81 (117) | 63 (37–155) | 81 (65) | 64 (20–182) | – |
| % | % | % | |||
| Taken medication§ | 12.5 | 20.1 | – | ||
| Smoker | 41.7 | 32.5 | – | ||
| Previous smoker | 3.1 | – | – | ||
| Never-smoker | 55.2 | – | – | ||
| Mother smoked in pregnancy | 38.0 | 38.1 | – | ||
| Been diagnosed as having | |||||
| Varicocele | 0.6 | 2.9 | 11.9 | ||
| Epididymitis | 0.3 | 2.6 | 1.9 | ||
| Sexual transmitted disease¶ | 4.3 | 18.6 | 19.4 | ||
| Cystitis | 2.4 | 8.0 | – | ||
| Diabetes | 0.02 | 0.3 | – | ||
| Thyroid disease | 0.04 | 0.0 | – | ||
| Been treated for | |||||
| Varicocele | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 | ||
| Testicular torsion | 0.8 | 1.1 | |||
| Testicular cancer | 0.02 | 0.3 | 0.01 | ||
| Cryptorchidism** | 6.1 | 4.3 | 2.1 | ||
| Hypospadias | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Phimosis | 3.9 | – | – | ||
| Inguinal hernia | 3.4 | 6.0 | 1.5 | ||
| Has | |||||
| Had cryptorchidism†† | 8.3 | – | >5.2 | ||
| Experienced fertility problems‡‡ | 0.6 | 12.3 | 100.0 | ||
| Caused a pregnancy§§ | 6.4 | 100.0 | 26.8 | ||
Infertile couples: 925 men delivered semen samples, however, patient history was only obtained on 839.
Calculated as difference between day of attendance in study and self-reported day of birth.
Mean of left and right testes size assessed by palpation. Information of testis size was missing for 3, 9 and 3 men from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd investigation period, respectively.
Sum of intake of beer, wine and strong alcohol recent week prior to participation in study.
Taken any medication recent 3 months prior to participation in study.
Chlamydia or gonorrhoea.
Hormonal, surgical or combination.
Not born with both testicles in scrotum (irrespective of spontaneous descend, treatment or still cryptorchid). For the Hammen cohort similar information was not obtained, but 5.2% of men were detected as having cryptorchidism when examined.
Ever had regular intercourse without use of contraception for at least 1 year, without partner became pregnant.
Ever caused a pregnancy.