Table 2.

A linear mixed-effects model analysis of correlation between the average speed achieved during the race and the per cent of the race spent in a drafting position, controlling for race distance, race course and race class. (The table shows parameter estimates (estimate), standard error (s.e.) and associated test statistic (F-statistic) for fixed effects, and the standard deviation of estimated random effects for random terms (estimate). Average speed versus per cent of race spent in a drafting position (n = 48 426). **p = 0.001. ***p < 0.001.)

model term	estimate (s.e.)	d.f.	F-statistic
race distance	−4.17 × 10−4 (3.0 × 10−6)	1	20252.07***
per cent drafting	0.158 (0.008)	1	10.78**
course (random term)	0.335
class (random term)	0.267
constant	16.026 (0.096)