Table 2.
Placental insufficiency | Molecular biomarker | Reference |
---|---|---|
CRH mRNA | ||
Onset | ↑ PE | Ng et al. (2003a), Farina et al. (2004a), Purwosunu et al. (2007a), Galbiati et al. (2010) |
Positive correlation between mRNA levels and the severity of PE | Farina et al. (2004a); Purwosunu et al. (2007a) | |
↑ IUGR | Galbiati et al. (2010) | |
Before onset | ↑ PE (24–36 weeks) | Galbiati et al. (2010) |
≅ IUGR (32–36 weeks) | Galbiati et al. (2010) | |
GCM1 mRNA | ||
Onset | ↑ PE | Fujito et al. (2006) |
PLAC1 mRNA | ||
Onset | ↑ PE | Fujito et al. (2006), Purwosunu et al. (2007a) |
Positive correlation between mRNA levels and the severity of PE | Purwosunu et al. (2007a) | |
Before onset | ↑ PE (15–20 weeks) DR for PEP 17.7% at 5% FPR |
Purwosunu et al. (2009) |
hPL (CSH1) mRNA | ||
Onset | ≅ PE | Fujito et al. (2006) |
↓ PE±IUGR | Farina et al. (2006) | |
≅ IUGR | Pang et al. (2009) | |
GH2 mRNA | ||
Onset | Positive correlation between mRNA levels and fetal growth (28–41 weeks) | Pang et al. (2009) |
≅ IUGR | Pang et al. (2009) | |
βhCG mRNA | ||
Onset | ≅ PE | Fujito et al. (2006) |
PAPP-A mRNA | ||
Onset | ≅ PE | Fujito et al. (2006), Farina et al. (2006) |
inhibin A mRNA | ||
Onset | ↑ PE±IUGR | Farina et al. (2006) |
selectin P mRNA | ||
Onset | ↑ PE±IUGR | Farina et al. (2006) |
↑ PE | Purwosunu et al. (2007a) | |
Positive correlation between mRNA levels and the severity of PE | Purwosunu et al. (2007a) | |
Before onset | ↑ PE (15–20 weeks) DR for PE 24.2% at 5% FPR |
Purwosunu et al. (2009) |
VEGF mRNA | ||
Onset | ↑ PE | Purwosunu et al. (2008) |
Positive correlation between mRNA levels and the severity of PE | Purwosunu et al. (2008) | |
Before onset | ↑ PE (15–20 weeks) DR for PE 29% at 5% FPR |
Purwosunu et al. (2009) |
VEGFR-1 (FLT1) mRNA | ||
Onset | ↑ PE±IUGR | Farina et al. (2006) |
↑ PE | Purwosunu et al. (2008) | |
Positive correlation between mRNA levels and the severity of PE | Purwosunu et al. (2008) | |
Before onset | ↑ PE (15–20 weeks) the highest DR for PE (58%) at 5% FPR |
Purwosunu et al. (2009) |
KiSS-1 mRNA | ||
Onset | ↓ PE±IUGR | Farina et al. (2006) |
≅ IUGR | Pang et al. (2009) | |
PAI-1 (SERPINE1) mRNA | ||
Onset | ↓ PE±IUGR | Farina et al. (2006) |
↑ PE | Purwosunu et al. (2007b) | |
Positive correlation between mRNA levels and the severity of PE | Purwosunu et al. (2007b) | |
Before onset | ↑ PE (15–20 weeks) DR for PE 29% at 5% FPR |
Purwosunu et al. (2009) |
tPA (PLAT) mRNA | ||
Onset | ↑ PE | Purwosunu et al. (2007b) |
Positive correlation between mRNA levels and the severity of PE | Purwosunu et al. (2007b) | |
Before onset | ↑ PE (15–20 weeks) DR for PE 33.9% at 5% FPR |
Purwosunu et al. (2009) |
Endoglin mRNA | ||
Onset | ↑ PE | Purwosunu et al. (2008) |
Positive correlation between mRNA levels and the severity of PE | Purwosunu et al. (2008) | |
Before onset | ↑ PE (15–20 weeks) detection rate for PE DR 43.5% at 5% FPR |
Purwosunu et al. (2009) |
ADAM12 mRNA | ||
Onset | ↑ PE+IUGR | Pang et al. (2009) |
PTX3 mRNA | ||
Before onset | ↑ PE (24–36 weeks) | Galbiati et al. (2010) |
≅ IUGR (32–36 weeks) | Galbiati et al. (2010) |
↑ PE, extracellular mRNA levels are increased in patients with PE; ≅ IUGR, extracellular mRNA levels do not differ between controls and patients with IUGR; βhCG, β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin; GCM1, glial cells-missing 1; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; CSH1, chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1; GH2, growth hormone 2; hPL, human placental lactogen; mRNA, messenger RNA; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1; PAPP-A, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A; PTX3, pentraxin-3; tPA, tissue-type plasminogen activator; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; DR, detection rate; FPR, false-positive rate; PLAC1, placenta-specific 1.